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Tag Archives: What are the advantages or disadvantages to the other medication options?

January 3, 2025
January 3, 2025

Patient Case Medication

Please select two of the below medication classes. Your primary post should outline arguments both for and against the medication class in the two patient cases below. The primary post is due by Wednesday (end of day).

 

Patient Case Medication

 

Pro Con

Amphetamine Amphetamine

Methylphenidate Methylphenidate

Alpha Adrenergic Agonist Alpha Adrenergic Agonist

Non-Stimulant Non-Stimulant

 

  • What is the proposed mechanism of action of the medication(s)? Why might this be appropriate for the patients?
  • What are the advantages or disadvantages to your class of medication (options for different administration, length of duration, etc.)?
  • What are the advantages or disadvantages to the other medication options?
  • What possible side effects or considerations need to be evaluated?
  • Provide one example for each consideration—legal, ethical, and social implications—for prescribing the medication category.

 

Patient 1: Patient Case Medication

Malcolm is a 9-year-old male in the 4th grade at the public elementary school. Malcolm has recently been diagnosed with ADHD, combined presentation. Malcolm struggles with being fidgety and hyperactive; he often gets into trouble at school for blurting out answers, getting out of his desk when he should not be, and hitting other children when

upset. Malcolm also has a hard time focusing on anything other than video games at home. His parents report homework takes “all night” though it should only take 30 minutes. Malcolm has assigned chores but often gets distracted. For example, Malcolm was to take out the trash but got distracted in the driveway while taking out the trash and left the full bag in the driveway. He often misplaces the combination code for the lock on the house door.

Patient 2:

Jessica is a 32-year-old female that was recently diagnosed with ADHD. She was referred to your office by the psychologist that completed the ADHD assessment. Jessica has always struggled in school and jobs. She is often “written up” at her job for not completing tasks that are assigned to her. She becomes easily distracted by her other co-workers. She finds herself spending a lot of time conversing with colleagues. Her colleagues are frequently annoyed with her for constantly talking to them and interrupting their work and tasks. Jessica is here to discuss medication options to treat ADHD.

 

Patient Case Scenario Debate

 

In Week 5, you were assigned by Faculty to argue either the pro (for) or con (against) for a particular medication.  You were also provided information for a patient case study scenario. Week 5 was your opportunity to conduct research for this debate.

This week, you will present and defend your assigned stance (pro or con) and specific medication for your patient case study scenario with your peers. Within the debate, you will also share your perspective on why the alternative medication class would not be appropriate for the patient case scenario.  Patient Case Medication

Support your answers with evidence-based, peer-reviewed scholarly literature.

Note: APA style format with citations and references will apply.

As a reminder, these were the assigned medications:

Pro Con
Amphetamine Amphetamine
Methylphenidate Methylphenidate
Alpha Adrenergic Agonist Alpha Adrenergic Agonist
Non-Stimulant Non-Stimulant

 

Resources

Be sure to review the Learning Resources before completing this activity.
Click the weekly resources link to access the resources.

WEEKLY RESOURCES

To prepare:

  • Review the Required Learning Resources.
  • Review your research regarding your position and medication.
  • Consider how you will apply your specific position and medication to the presented patient case.

By Day 3 of Week 6

Post your response detailing your argument for the following:

  • What is the proposed mechanism of action of the medication(s)?, Why might this be appropriate for the patients?,
  • What are the advantages or disadvantages to your class of medication (options for different administration length of duration etc.)?,
  • What are the advantages or disadvantages to the other medication options?,
  • What possible side effects or considerations need to be evaluated?,
  • Provide one example for each consideration—legal ethical and social implications—for prescribing the medication category.

Note: Your response needs to be supported by three 3 scholarly peer-reviewed resources located outside of your course learning resources.

By Day 6 of Week 6

Read a selection of your colleagues’ posts. Focus specifically on those colleagues who were assigned your same medication but opposite stance.

Respond to at least two of your colleagues on 2 different days who were assigned your same medication but an opposite stance. For example, if you were assigned the con stance for amphetamine, you should respond to two students who were assigned the pro stance for amphetamine.  Support or expand on your original argument to refute their claims. Work to share additional perspectives on the issue described by your colleague.

Note: It is recommended that you read all peer postings to learn about medications other than those to which you are assigned. Additionally, your response needs to be supported by two (2) scholarly peer-reviewed resources located outside of your course Learning Resources.

 

August 19, 2024
August 19, 2024

Malcolm Case Study – Week 6

Patient 1:

Malcolm is a 9-year-old male in the 4th grade at the public elementary school. Malcolm has recently been diagnosed with ADHD, combined presentation. Malcolm struggles with being fidgety and hyperactive; he often gets into trouble at school for blurting out answers, getting out of his desk when he should not be, and hitting other children when upset. Malcolm also has a hard time focusing on anything other than video games at home. His parents report homework takes “all night” though it should only take 30 minutes. Malcolm has assigned chores but often gets distracted. For example, Malcolm was to take out the trash but got distracted in the driveway while taking out the trash and left the full bag in the driveway. He often misplaces the combination code for the lock on the house door.

Pro Methylphenidate medication assigned to me for this case so you should only focused on the PRO options please

This week, you will present and defend your assigned stance (pro or con) and specific medication for your patient case study scenario with your peers. Within the debate, you will also share your perspective on why the alternative medication class would not be appropriate for the patient case scenario.

Malcolm Case Study - Week 6

Malcolm Case Study – Week 6

Post your comprehensive response detailing your argument for the following:

  • What is the proposed mechanism of action of the medication(s)? Why might this be appropriate for the patients?
  • What are the advantages or disadvantages to your class of medication (options for different administration, length of duration, etc.)?
  • What are the advantages or disadvantages to the other medication options?
  • What possible side effects or considerations need to be evaluated?
  • Provide one example for each consideration—legal, ethical, and social implications—for prescribing the medication category.

Note: Your response needs to be supported by three 3 scholarly peer-reviewed resources located outside of your course learning resources. APA.

July 1, 2024
July 1, 2024

Pro Methylphenidate for ADHD

Proposed Mechanism of Action (Malcom Case Study)

Methylphenidate is a stimulant medication commonly used to treat Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). It works by increasing the levels of certain neurotransmitters, particularly dopamine and norepinephrine, in the brain. These neurotransmitters play a crucial role in attention, focus, and impulse control. By enhancing the activity of these chemicals, methylphenidate helps improve attention span, reduce hyperactivity, and control impulsive behaviors, making it appropriate for Malcolm, who struggles with these symptoms.

Advantages of Methylphenidate

Efficacy: Methylphenidate is well-documented to be effective in reducing ADHD symptoms, including hyperactivity, impulsivity, and inattention (Cortese et al., 2018).

Variety of Formulations: Available in various forms such as immediate-release (IR), sustained-release (SR), and extended-release (ER), allowing for flexibility in managing symptoms throughout the day (Stein et al., 2019).

Quick Onset: Generally, methylphenidate has a rapid onset of action, which can be beneficial for immediate symptom control (Wigal et al., 2019).

Adjustable Dosing: The availability of different formulations and dosing options allows for tailored treatment plans based on the patient’s specific needs and daily schedule (Faraone et al., 2021).

Pro Methylphenidate for ADHD

Disadvantages of Methylphenidate

Side Effects: Potential side effects include insomnia, decreased appetite, weight loss, and increased heart rate. These need to be closely monitored (Krull et al., 2021).

Abuse Potential: As a stimulant, methylphenidate has a potential for misuse and dependency, particularly among adolescents (Vitiello et al., 2020).

Shorter Duration: Some formulations of methylphenidate may require multiple doses throughout the day, which can be inconvenient for the patient (Banaschewski et al., 2018).

Pro Methylphenidate for ADHD

Advantages of Alternative Medication (e.g., Non-Stimulants)

Lower Abuse Potential: Non-stimulant medications such as atomoxetine have a lower risk of misuse and dependency (Caye et al., 2019).

Longer Duration: Non-stimulants often have a longer duration of action, which can be beneficial for all-day symptom control (Newcorn et al., 2019).

Alternative for Stimulant Non-Responders: Provide an option for patients who do not respond well to stimulant medications (Cortese et al., 2018).

Disadvantages of Alternative Medication

Delayed Onset: Non-stimulant medications may take several weeks to achieve full therapeutic effects, which can be a disadvantage for immediate symptom relief (Krull et al., 2021).

Lower Efficacy: Some studies suggest that non-stimulants may be less effective than stimulants in treating core ADHD symptoms (Banaschewski et al., 2018).

Side Effects: Non-stimulants can have side effects such as drowsiness, fatigue, and gastrointestinal issues (Newcorn et al., 2019).

Pro Methylphenidate for ADHD

Side Effects and Considerations

Side Effects: Insomnia, decreased appetite, increased heart rate, and potential growth suppression in children. Regular monitoring is essential to manage these side effects effectively (Krull et al., 2021).

Legal Implications: As a controlled substance, prescribing methylphenidate requires adherence to specific regulations to prevent misuse and diversion (Vitiello et al., 2020).

Ethical Considerations: Prescribers must balance the benefits of symptom control with the potential risks of side effects and dependency. Ensuring informed consent and involving parents in the decision-making process is crucial (Cortese et al., 2018).

Social Implications: The stigma associated with taking stimulant medications can affect the patient’s social interactions and self-esteem. Education and support for the patient and family are important to mitigate these effects (Caye et al., 2019).

Examples of Considerations

Legal: Compliance with regulations for prescribing controlled substances, ensuring secure storage, and proper documentation to prevent misuse (Vitiello et al., 2020).

Ethical: Discussing the potential risks and benefits of methylphenidate with Malcolm’s parents, ensuring they understand the treatment plan and its implications (Cortese et al., 2018).

Social: Addressing potential stigma by providing Malcolm and his family with resources and support to manage any negative perceptions associated with ADHD and its treatment (Caye et al., 2019).

Pro Methylphenidate for ADHD

Conclusion

Methylphenidate offers a well-established, effective option for managing ADHD symptoms in children like Malcolm. While it has some potential side effects and risks, its benefits in improving attention, reducing hyperactivity, and controlling impulsive behaviors make it a suitable choice for his condition. With careful monitoring and a tailored treatment approach, methylphenidate can significantly enhance Malcolm’s ability to function both at school and home. APA.

References

  1. Banaschewski, T., Gerlach, M., Becker, K., Holtmann, M., & Rothenberger, A. (2018). Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Current findings and treatment. Deutsches Ärzteblatt International, 115(33-34), 549-556.
  2. Caye, A., Swanson, J. M., Coghill, D., Rohde, L. A. (2019). Treatment strategies for ADHD: An evidence-based guide to select optimal treatment. Molecular Psychiatry, 24(3), 390-408.
  3. Cortese, S., Adamo, N., Del Giovane, C., Mohr-Jensen, C., Hayes, A. J., Carucci, S., … & Cipriani, A. (2018). Comparative efficacy and tolerability of medications for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in children, adolescents, and adults: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. The Lancet Psychiatry, 5(9), 727-738.
  4. Faraone, S. V., Biederman, J., & Mick, E. (2021). The age-dependent decline of ADHD: A meta-analysis of follow-up studies. Psychological Medicine, 51(4), 159-165.
  5. Krull, K. R., Hardy, K. K., Kahalley, L. S., Schuitema, I., & Kesler, S. R. (2021). Neurocognitive outcomes and interventions in long-term survivors of childhood cancer. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 39(15), 1537-1548.
  6. Newcorn, J. H., Nagy, P., Childress, A. C., Mattingly, G., & Lopez, F. A. (2019). Randomized, double-blind trial of a new extended-release formulation of amphetamine mixed salts for treatment of ADHD in children and adolescents. American Journal of Psychiatry, 176(8), 615-624.
  7. Stein, M. A., Waldman, I. D., Charney, E., & McGough, J. J. (2019). Examining emotional and social effects of ADHD medication in children. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 60(10), 1093-1102.
  8. Vitiello, B., Riddle, M. A., Greenhill, L. L., March, J. S., Swanson, J. M., Arnold, L. E., … & Hechtman, L. (2020). Medication development and testing in children and adolescents: Report from the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 59(1), 58-67.
  9. Wigal, S. B., Childress, A. C., Belden, H. W., & Berry, S. A. (2019). NRP104 Study Group. Efficacy and safety of dexmethylphenidate extended-release capsules administered once daily to children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology, 29(5), 362-371.