Nuremberg & Lubanga
- Review the Due Process in Proceedings Before International Criminal Tribunals in Section C on page 124 of your text.
- Select either the International Military Tribunals in Nuremberg or the International Military Tribunals in Tokyo and conduct research involving either one of these Tribunals.
- Provide a background of the purpose of these Tribunals and what each was intended to provide to criminal defendants.
- Offer your assessment of the success of the Tribunal in accordance with the commitment to protection of Due Process Rights of Human Criminal Defendants.
I also need help in the following
- Conduct research and locate a case that involves either pretrial rights or trial rights that was heard in the international arena before the International Criminal Court.
- Provide a brief summary of the main issues, the pretrial and trial process, and the outcome of the case.
- Discuss how the case reflects the defendant being provided with five pretrial rights or trial rights.
- Provide specific examples of these rights in action during the specific case you researched and selected. Nuremberg & Lubanga
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Review the Due Process in Proceedings Before International Criminal Tribunals in Section C on page 124 of your text.,
-
Select either the International Military Tribunals in Nuremberg or the International Military Tribunals in Tokyo and conduct research involving either one of these Tribunals.,
-
Provide a background of the purpose of these Tribunals and what each was intended to provide to criminal defendants.,
-
Offer your assessment of the success of the Tribunal in accordance with the commitment to protection of Due Process Rights of Human Criminal Defendants.,
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Conduct research and locate a case that involves either pretrial rights or trial rights that was heard in the international arena before the International Criminal Court; provide a brief summary of the main issues, the pretrial and trial process, and the outcome of the case; discuss how the case reflects the defendant being provided with five pretrial rights or trial rights; provide specific examples of these rights in action during the specific case you researched and selected.
Answers — comprehensive (general)
1) Quick note about the textbook instruction
I don’t have your specific textbook or the exact page 124 Section C available here, so below I summarize the standard due-process protections as applied in international criminal tribunals and then apply them to the two researched items you asked for (the International Military Tribunal at Nuremberg and an ICC case). If you want me to match wording from your Section C exactly, paste that section and I’ll integrate it verbatim.
2) Background & purpose — International Military Tribunal (Nuremberg)
Purpose: The Nuremberg International Military Tribunal (IMT), created by the London Agreement of August 1945, was established to try major leaders of Nazi Germany for crimes against peace, war crimes, and crimes against humanity after World War II. Its goal was both accountability for mass atrocity and to produce authoritative legal findings about the nature of those crimes so they could not be denied or repeated. Holocaust Encyclopedia+1
What it was intended to provide to criminal defendants (due-process elements):
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A formal, public trial before an independent international tribunal (rather than summary execution or purely domestic proceedings). Holocaust Encyclopedia
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Rights broadly recognizable as due process for the time: notice of charges, legal counsel, ability to present evidence and call witnesses, and public record of proceedings. Contemporary observers noted the IMT expressly charged itself with conducting fair trials even while trying unprecedented charges. Holocaust Encyclopedia+1
Assessment (general):
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Strengths: The IMT established a written charter, public hearings, representation for defendants, and a record of evidence and reasoning — foundations for modern international criminal procedure. It articulated and operationalized prosecutions for crimes against humanity and set precedent that individuals (not only states) can be held criminally accountable. Encyclopedia Britannica+1
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Criticisms/limits: Historians and scholars note issues that would be problematic by today’s standards: allegations of “victor’s justice,” questions about ex post facto character of certain counts (e.g., “crimes against peace”), and the fact that the tribunal was created and staffed by the victorious powers (raising concerns about impartiality). Compared to later courts, some procedural protections were less developed (for example, modern detailed disclosure regimes and clearer, stronger independent appellate protections). WUSTL Open Scholarship Journals+1
Overall: Nuremberg was a major step forward — it provided important due-process elements relative to the alternatives available in the immediate post-war setting — but it had limits when measured against contemporary standards of international criminal procedure.
