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Category Archives: Blog

November 14, 2025
November 14, 2025
November 14, 2025
November 14, 2025

Case Study Analyses

It is important to understand what information systems are and why they are essential for running and managing a business. It is also important to understand the different systems that support different groups or levels of management. In addition, digital technology and the Internet play a key role in executing major business processes in the enterprise. Also, it is important to understand the ethical, social, and political issues raised by information systems.

The case studies below provide you with an opportunity to critically analyze events that are taking place in real-life businesses. This helps to develop your critical thinking and research skills as you research each of these scenarios. You will review each case study, and provide a thorough analysis of each that demonstrates critical thinking and applicCase Study Analysesation of the concepts presented in Units I and II.

In Chapter 1 of your eTextbook, read the case study “UPS Competes Globally with Information Technology,” and write an analysis that addresses the following:

 

· How does UPS use information systems technology to achieve its strategic goals of being more efficient and customer oriented?

· What would happen if the automated package tracking system was not available?

· Discuss how globalization has “flattened” the world.

 

In Chapter 2 of your eTextbook, read the case study “The City of Mississauga Goes Digital” and write an analysis that addresses the following:

 

· Describe the problems the City of Mississauga hoped to address using digital technology.

· What technologies did Mississauga employ for a solution? Describe each of these technologies and the role each played in a solution.

· What management, organization, and technology issues did the City of Mississauga have to address in developing a solution?

· How did the technologies in this case improve operations and decision making at the City of Mississauga?

 

In Chapter 3 of your eTextbook, read the case study “Shipping Wars,” and write an analysis that addresses the following:

 

· Why is shipping so important for e-commerce? Explain your answer.

· Compare the shipping strategies of Amazon, FedEx, and UPS? How are they related to each company’s business model?

· Will FedEx succeed in its push into ground shipping? Why, or why not?

· Explain the importance of collaboration and information sharing for businesses.

 

In Chapter 4 of your eTextbook, read the case study “Your Smartphone: Big Brother’s Best Friend” and write an analysis that addresses the following:

 

· Explain emerging technologies business. Describe how new technology trends may cause ethical dilemmas.

· Discuss at least one ethical, social, and political issue raised by embedded cyber connections in smart devices.

· Discuss how big data analytics are being applied to all of the data generated by smart vehicles and other smart devices. Discuss how business intelligence systems are used for reporting and data analytics.

· Analyze how information systems are transforming business.

 

Your case study should be at least four pages in length, not counting the required references page. When constructing your paper, do not use the question-and-answer format; instead, present a thorough and insightful analysis using strong arguments and evidence as you apply course concepts. Your final submission must be an APA formatted paper of at least four pages in length (not counting the title and reference pages).

 

You are required to use at least four peer-reviewed, academic sources that are no more than 5 years old (one may be your eTextbook) in each of the four analyses. All sources used, including the eTextbook, must have citations and references properly formatted in APA Style.

  • How does UPS use information systems technology to achieve its strategic goals of being more efficient and customer oriented?,

  • What would happen if the automated package tracking system was not available?,

  • Describe the problems the City of Mississauga hoped to address using digital technology.,

  • Why is shipping so important for e-commerce? Explain your answer.,

  • Discuss how big data analytics are being applied to all of the data generated by smart vehicles and other smart devices. Discuss how business intelligence systems are used for reporting and data analytics.

November 14, 2025
November 14, 2025

Telecom Impact Review

In what ways have telecommunications and networks transformed organizational strategies, particularly in the realms of data management and information security? Provide specific examples and explain the importance of telecommunications technology in organization. How should organizations adapt their strategies to leverage these advancements while mitigating associated risks?

Telecom Impact Review

Your journal entry must be at least 200 words in length. No references or citations are necessary.

  • In what ways have telecommunications and networks transformed organizational strategies, particularly in the realms of data management and information security?,

  • Provide specific examples and explain the importance of telecommunications technology in organization.,

  • How should organizations adapt their strategies to leverage these advancements while mitigating associated risks?


Comprehensive General Answer (200+ words)

Telecommunications and networks have significantly reshaped how organizations operate, especially regarding data management and information security. Modern network infrastructures allow companies to store, process, and share data across distributed environments with far greater efficiency. For example, cloud-based systems enable organizations to centralize data storage while granting employees remote access, supporting faster decision-making and improved collaboration. In addition, real-time communication tools such as VoIP, video conferencing, and integrated messaging platforms have made it possible for teams to work seamlessly across geographic boundaries.

In terms of information security, networks have heightened both opportunities and challenges. Advanced network monitoring tools allow organizations to detect threats more quickly and protect sensitive data. Virtual private networks (VPNs), multi-factor authentication, and network encryption have become essential components of protecting information as more employees access systems remotely. At the same time, increased connectivity expands the attack surface, making cybersecurity a critical strategic priority.

Given these transformations, organizations must adapt their strategies by aligning technological investments with security-focused practices. This includes conducting regular risk assessments, implementing robust cybersecurity protocols, and training employees on safe technology use. Organizations should also embrace scalable network architectures that support growth while maintaining resilience. By proactively integrating telecommunications advancements and strengthening security measures, organizations can enhance productivity, protect their assets, and remain competitive in an increasingly connected digital landscape.

  • In what ways have telecommunications and networks transformed organizational strategies particularly in the realms of data management and information security?,

  • Provide specific examples and explain the importance of telecommunications technology in organization.,

  • How should organizations adapt their strategies to leverage these advancements while mitigating associated risks?

November 14, 2025
November 14, 2025

Interview Prep Assignment

For the interview project, you will conduct a semi-structured interview to learn about a peer’s experience in pursuing a doctoral degree. (See your assigned partner under 4.0.)

Qualitative researchers primarily use data collection instruments developed specifically for the research questions and context of a study. Effective instrument development requires a thorough understanding of the study topic. Questions asked during an interview should be informed by the existing literature related to the topic and the study’s theoretical framework. For example, a study exploring the influence of servant leader behaviors should include questions that ask about the application of specific servant leader behaviors as defined in the literature.

This week, you will 1) complete a table mapping your interview questions to existing literature and 2) develop an interview protocol using the mapped questions. You will use the templates below for each component of the assignment. Please read all assignment details and ask questions early in the week if needed.

4.1_Interview_Questions_Mapping_Table_Template.docx

Interview Prep Assignment

Interview Questions Mapping Table 

For this assignment, you will complete a mapping table demonstrating how your interview questions were developed from existing literature. Use the template provided and include all cited references on the References page. You are required to use minimum of five peer-reviewed sources from the list below in your mapping table. You may also use the course text (Merriam & Tisdell, 2016) as a source. No other sources are permitted for the assignment.

In developing your primary questions for the interview, consider factors such as motivation, challenges, benefits, family support, faculty support, peer interactions, and future goals.  You are not expected to complete a thorough literature review for the interview project. Therefore, sources are provided below that you will use for completing this assignment as well as the report that will be due in Week 7. Please do not use other sources in completing this assignment.

Each of the main questions in your interview protocol should be mapped to a scholarly source from the list. The mapping table must include an explanation and a citation for each main question that reflect a clear connection to the topic and thoughtful analysis of the source in developing question content. Your initial ice-breaker question may be mapped to the course text as in the example provided. The content-specific questions should be mapped to sources related to the topic. The mapping table should include two questions for the Opening phase, six to eight questions for the Primary Discussion phase, and one or two questions for the Closing phase (a total of nine to 12 main questions). These questions will be used to develop a more detailed interview protocol for the second component of this week’s assignment.

Sources: 

4.1_Interview_Protocol_Template.docx

Interview Protocol 

After drafting your primary questions, you will use them to develop an interview protocol for a semi-structured interview during which you will seek to understand a peer’s experience pursuing a doctoral degree. You should plan for your interview to last approximately 30 minutes. There is no required minimum or maximum length for the interview protocol; the general expectation is that you will need approximately five double-spaced pages to meet the requirements of the assignment. Please submit your interview protocol as a Microsoft Word file using the template provided.

You should think of your protocol as your guidance for conducting the interview; it tells you what to do and what questions to ask. When conducting an interview for research purposes, you would prepare an interview protocol, field test and refine the protocol, apply for and receive IRB approval, recruit participants, obtain informed consent from participants, and then use the protocol to collect data through interviews. If you were working as part of a research team, you might be given a protocol drafted by the lead researcher that would be used by all members of the team to ensure consistency with data collection methods for the study as a whole.

Remember that an interview is not a questionnaire. A semi-structured interview is an open discussion with questions that guide in a way that ensures responses provide insight into the phenomenon being studied. Interviewers should not ask questions that can be answered with a simple “yes” or “no.” Your questions should be open-ended and invite conversation and explanation. Your interview protocol should include examples of probing questions. As an interviewer, you must be prepared to probe the participant to provide more information by asking follow-up questions, including those that cannot be planned in advance. The ability to ask effective probing questions requires careful listening throughout the interview and is a skill that improves with practice. Your goal as an interviewer is to guide the participant in discussing meaningful aspects of the experience.

While there is no single right way to draft an interview protocol, for this assignment, we will use a phased interview approach with specific requirements. In building your interview protocol, please include the following phases as defined below:

  • Welcome
  • Opening
  • Primary Discussion
  • Closing

For each section, describe what will occur during that phase of the interview process and include a script reflecting tentative plans for what you will say and what questions you will ask. Your main questions will be the questions from your mapping table. Explain in your protocol how and where you will use probing questions to guide the discussion.

Please also provide examples of prompts or probing questions but remember that not all probing questions can be planned in advance. Probing questions that are context-specific and asked directly in response to a participant’s comments are an important part of a semi-structured interview. With the exception of your scripted statements, do not use first-person pronouns in your protocol; instead, describe what the interviewer will do during each phase. After the welcome phase, the majority of the talking will be done by the participant. For this assignment, be sure your text refers to the class project as opposed to an actual research study.

Interview Phases: 

  • Welcome: The Welcome phase of the interview provides an opportunity to welcome the participant and let the participant know what to expect during the interview. For this section, explain the purpose of this phase and write a script that you will read at the beginning of the interview. Your script should begin by introducing yourself and explaining the purpose of the interview. It should include a statement informing the participant that the interview is being recorded and should address concerns about comfort and confidentiality. It should end with an introduction to the topic that will be discussed during the interview and provide an opportunity for the participant to ask questions.
  • Opening: In this phase of the interview, your goal is to begin to build rapport with the participant and set up a context for the discussion. In your protocol, explain the purpose of this phase and include two main questions with at least two examples of probing questions for each. Begin the interview with an ice-breaker question to initiate a conversational flow. As examples, you may begin by asking the participant to talk about the degree and specialty area being pursued, progress toward the doctorate, or motivations for beginning the program. Avoid asking personal questions that may not be relevant to the purpose of the interview or that may make a participant feel uncomfortable.
  • Primary Discussion: During this portion of the interview, the majority of the important information on the participant’s experience will be collected. Your protocol must explain the purpose of this phase and include a script that outlines six to eight guiding questions you will use to keep the conversation going. It should explain how you will listen carefully and formulate probing questions to obtain additional information and clarity. It must also provide at least two examples of probing questions for each main question. The questions you ask in this section will be highly specific to the situation being discussed. As examples, you may include questions that ask about motivations for continuing, challenges faced, benefits realized, sources of encouragement, or aspects enjoyed during the doctoral journey. You may ask about how the participant feels about being a doctoral student, how self-confidence has been impacted, how the program has influenced professional work, and other factors noted in the literature.
  • Closing: Out of respect for the participant, you should monitor time when conducting an interview to ensure that you begin to close down the interview within the planned timeframe. Having a script is helpful in bringing the interview to closure and guiding the participant to reflect on the meaning of the experience that was discussed. In this final phase of the interview, you may connect the participant’s doctoral journey to future plans or ask the participant to reflect on current or future benefits of earning a doctorate. Begin this section by explaining the purpose of this phase of the interview. This phase must include one or two main questions with at least two examples of probing questions for each. You will end the interview by giving the participant an opportunity to add anything else that may not have been discussed during the interview, thanking the participant, and asking for permission to follow up if needed for clarity while working with the data for remaining assignments.

For this week’s assignment, you will submit two Microsoft Word files: 1) your interview question mapping table and 2) your interview protocol. You are required to use the templates provided for each component of the assignment and they may be combined into one document 

  • complete a table mapping your interview questions to existing literature,

  • develop an interview protocol using the mapped questions,

  • include two Opening questions six to eight Primary Discussion questions, and one to two Closing questions,

  • explain each phase of the interview and provide scripts and probing questions,

  • use only the provided peer-reviewed sources to justify each main interview question

November 13, 2025
November 13, 2025

Health Issues & Access

Describe some of the common physical and mental health issue that individuals of African descent face in America.  What factors might contribute to the underutilization of mental health services among African Americans?  What can be done at local, state and federal levels to advocate for change?

Health Issues & Access

  • Describe some of the common physical and mental health issues that individuals of African descent face in America,

  • What factors might contribute to the underutilization of mental health services among African Americans,

  • What can be done at the local level to advocate for change,

  • What can be done at state and federal levels to advocate for change.


Response

Individuals of African descent in the United States face a range of both physical and mental health challenges. Common physical health issues include hypertension, type 2 diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular disease. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, 2023), African Americans are nearly twice as likely as White Americans to die from heart disease and experience higher rates of stroke. Additionally, certain cancers, such as prostate and colorectal cancer, disproportionately affect African American populations. Mental health concerns are also significant, including higher prevalence of depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), often compounded by experiences of systemic racism, discrimination, and socioeconomic stressors (American Psychiatric Association, 2021).

Despite these challenges, African Americans underutilize mental health services compared to other populations. Several factors contribute to this disparity, including stigma around mental illness, historical mistrust of the healthcare system due to unethical practices like the Tuskegee Syphilis Study, financial barriers, lack of culturally competent care providers, and limited access to insurance or transportation (Ward et al., 2019). These barriers often result in delayed treatment, misdiagnosis, or reliance on informal support networks rather than professional care.

Advocating for change requires coordinated efforts at multiple levels. Locally, community-based programs can increase awareness, provide culturally sensitive education, and offer accessible mental health screenings in schools, churches, and community centers. State-level initiatives might include expanding Medicaid coverage, incentivizing mental health providers to practice in underserved areas, and funding training programs to enhance cultural competence in healthcare. Federally, legislation can focus on reducing systemic inequities, increasing research funding on health disparities, and supporting nationwide public awareness campaigns to destigmatize mental health care among African Americans (Williams & Cooper, 2019).

By addressing both systemic barriers and community-level needs, these interventions can improve access to care, enhance health outcomes, and reduce disparities in mental and physical health for African Americans. Ensuring culturally competent, accessible, and affordable care is key to achieving equity in health services across the nation.


References

American Psychiatric Association. (2021). Mental health disparities: African Americans. https://www.psychiatry.org/psychiatrists/cultural-competency/mental-health-disparities

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2023). Health disparities in African Americans. https://www.cdc.gov/healthequity/race-ethnicity/index.html

Ward, E., Wiltshire, J. C., Detry, M. A., & Brown, R. L. (2019). African American men and women’s attitude toward mental health help-seeking. Psychology of Men & Masculinities, 20(1), 85–95. https://doi.org/10.1037/men0000145

Williams, D. R., & Cooper, L. A. (2019). Reducing racial inequities in health: Using what we already know to take action. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(4), 606. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16040606

November 13, 2025
November 13, 2025

EssayPay GPA Experience

Man, sophomore year hit me sideways. I was juggling psych classes that dragged on forever, a part-time gig at the campus coffee spot, and this nagging fear that my transcript was turning into a graveyard of B-minuses. Stats from the National Center for Education Statistics show about 40% of undergrads flirt with academic probation at some point—yeah, that was me, staring at a 2.8 GPA wondering if I’d ever claw back to a 3.5 for grad school apps. Nights blurred into mornings with Red Bull stains on my notes. Then, buried in a Reddit thread about “surviving midterms without imploding,” someone dropped essay pay name. Not the flashy ads, just a quiet endorsement from a bio major who’d aced her thesis draft. I hesitated—feels sketchy, right? But desperation whispers louder than doubts. So, I dove in.

That First Click: Why I Even Bothered

Picture this: it’s 2 a.m., essay on cognitive dissonance due in 48 hours, and my brain’s a fog of half-formed sentences. I’ve rewritten the intro five times, each worse than the last. Friends are out at some dive bar, posting stories that make my screen glow with envy. I wasn’t cheating, exactly—just outsourcing the heavy lifting so I could focus on actually understanding the material. EssayPay promised efficiency, not miracles. Their site loaded clean, no pop-ups screaming “limited time offer!” I skimmed testimonials, real ones with usernames I could verify on LinkedIn. One from a UCLA kid detailed how it salvaged her lit review. Okay, fine. I bookmarked it, slept three hours, and woke up committed.

The order form? Dead simple. No endless dropdowns or vague prompts. You pick your topic, word count, deadline—mine was 1,500 words on Freud’s id versus modern neuroscience, tight turnaround. Upload syllabus snippets if you want, which I did, because professors here at State U are picky about formatting. Price popped up transparent: $120, no hidden fees. I paid via Stripe, that secure wallet thing everyone’s using now. Confirmation email hit my inbox in seconds, with a tracking link. Felt less like hiring a ghostwriter and more like scheduling a tutor who doesn’t judge your panic.

Files In, Files Out: No Tech Nightmares

Handing over my rough outline was the scariest part. What if it leaked? Or got hacked mid-transfer? EssayPay’s upload portal uses end-to-end encryption— they mention it

EssayPay GPA Experience

 

upfront, with a little lock icon that actually links to their security certs. I dragged my Google Doc over, added notes like “lean heavy on empirical studies, cite DSM-5,” and hit send. No lag, no “file too large” errors. Their system even converts to their format seamlessly.

When the draft landed two days later—right on deadline—I downloaded it straight to my encrypted drive. PDF and editable Word versions, both watermark-free until I approved. Opening it, I half-expected generic fluff, but nah. It wove in my outline’s quirks, like that tangent on neuroplasticity I obsessed over. Secure downloads mean no browser history trails either; everything wipes after 24 hours unless you save it. In a world where 70% of students worry about data breaches per a recent Educause survey, this setup let me breathe. No second-guessing if my prof’s IT department could snoop.

Feedback Loops That Stuck With Me

Here’s where it got personal. Most services spit out a paper and ghost you, but best online essay platforms for students has this built-in revision chat. Assigned writer— let’s call her Alex, based on the sig—pinged me within hours: “Saw your notes on DSM- 5; pulled from the latest edition. Thoughts on expanding the ego defense section?” We went back and forth three rounds. I flagged a citation glitch; she fixed it overnight with sources from JSTOR I hadn’t even thought to check.

That dialogue? It wasn’t robotic. Alex asked about my angle— was I aiming for a psych elective tie-in? Turned out, yeah, and she layered in Vygotsky’s scaffolding theory to bridge it. Feedback like that reshapes how you think, not just the grade. I ended up tweaking 20% myself, which felt empowering. Stats-wise, their site claims 92% satisfaction on revisions; mine tracks, because by final submit, the essay hummed with ideas I could defend in seminar.

The Quiet Comfort of Not Freaking Out Alone

Admit it: college grinds you down in ways grades don’t capture. That knot in your stomach when deadlines stack like Jenga blocks. EssayPay snuck in emotional padding I didn’t expect. Their support dashboard has a “vent thread” option—anonymous, just for offloading stress. I typed out a ramble about imposter syndrome hitting hard after a group project flop. Response came from a advisor named Jordan: “Heard that one before; Freud would say it’s your superego talking smack. Here’s a quick breathing reset: four in, hold six, out eight.” Corny? Maybe. But it stuck, and I used it before my next exam.

 

 

It’s not therapy, but in those raw moments, knowing someone’s on the other end— human, not bot—eases the isolation. I felt seen, not serviced. Like, wait, no—scratch that. More like the service bent toward me, not the other way. By week’s end, my sleep improved; even joked with my roommate about “my essay whisperer.” That shift? Priceless when burnout stats hover at 60% for STEM-adjacent majors like mine.

Plagiarism Shields: Peace of Mind Baked In

Paranoia about Turnitin flagging runs deep. I’ve heard horror stories—friends dinged for “similarities” from free AI tools. EssayPay runs every draft through their proprietary checker plus Copyleaks, guaranteeing under 5% matches. They share the report pre- delivery: mine clocked at 2%, all from legit quotes I requested. Writer cited everything in APA 7th, footnotes crisp, no corner-cutting.

Post-submit, my prof ran it anyway—green light, 94%. That buffer let me iterate without fear. In an era where 1 in 4 profs use advanced detectors (per a 2024 Inside Higher Ed poll), their protection feels essential, not extra.

GPA Ripple: From Slump to Steady Climb

Fast-forward a semester. That Freud paper? A-. Bumped my average to 3.2. Used them twice more: stats report on correlation coefficients, then a policy brief for urban studies. Each time, efficiency snowballed—less time drafting, more dissecting lectures. End-of-term GPA: 3.6. Not rocket science, but sustainable. I could’ve grinded solo, sure, but at what cost to my sanity?

To break it down:

Assignment Type

Without EssayPay (Hours Spent)

With EssayPay (Hours Spent)

Grade Jump

Psych Essay 15 (mostly staring) 4 (revisions + review) B+ to A- Stats Report 20 (math tears) 6 (feedback tweaks) C+ to B+ Policy Brief 12 (structure hell) 3 (upload + polish) B to A

Numbers don’t lie; time freed up for TA shifts, even a hiking club that cleared my head.

Pros that lingered in my mind:

• Crystal order flow: From prompt to payout, no fog. • File fortress: Uploads vanish like they should. • Chat that clicks: Revisions feel collaborative, not combative. • Gut-check support: Those little nudges against the void.

 

• Zero-plag armor: Reports prove it clean.

Not flawless—first chat lagged once during peak season—but the wins stack high.

Wrapping the Thread: Would I Again?

Looking back, essay services frequently used by students wasn’t a crutch; it was scaffolding for when the build got shaky. I’m not preaching perfection—still wrestle with motivation dips, that voice whispering “you’re faking it.” But now, I know tools exist that honor the hustle without hollowing it out. If you’re knee-deep in all-nighters, eyeing your GPA like a rival, give it a shot. Not for the lazy path, but the smarter one. Mine’s holding at 3.7 this term. Yours could too. What’s one essay holding you back?

  • Summarize your initial experience using EssayPay and why you chose to use it,

  • Describe the ordering and file submission process, including security and ease of use,

  • Explain how the feedback and revision process contributed to your learning and grades,

  • Discuss the effects of using EssayPay on your stress levels, productivity, and GPA,

  • Evaluate the pros and cons of using EssayPay and whether you would recommend it to others.

November 13, 2025
November 13, 2025

AI in Clinical Practice

Case Study: Evaluating Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Clinical Practice 

Harmony Health System, a large regional healthcare network, recently implemented an AI-powered clinical decision- making support tool in their emergency department (ED). The system uses machine learning, a type of AI, to analyze real-time electronic health record (EHR) data to identify clients at high risk for sepsis and alerts clinicians to act before symptoms become critical.

 Initial Outcomes

Within the first three months of implementation, the tool flagged thirty-eight (38) patients showing early signs of sepsis by detecting patterns such as changes in heart rate, blood pressure, white blood cell count, and fever. Twenty-five (25) of those patients received earlier interventions than would have occurred through traditional workflows. As a result, the average length of stay decreased by 0.8 days for flagged patients.

 Staff Reactions

Clinical staff expressed mixed feelings about the tool. Some appreciated the additional safety net it provided, while others voiced concerns about over-reliance on AI at the expense of clinical judgment. Issues such as data privacy, given the system’s constant surveillance of EHRs, and disruptions to workflow during triage and patient handoffs were also raised.

 Concurrent Innovations at Harmony Health System

Alongside the sepsis tool, Harmony Health System is implementing other innovations. Remote patient monitoring using wearable devices is being introduced to support chronic disease management. Voice-assisted charting tools are being tested to reduce documentation burden and improve efficiency. In addition, a distributed digital ledger system (often referred to as blockchain) based patient identification system is being piloted to secure data exchange and enhance interoperability.

AI in Clinical Practice

The Chief Nursing Officer (CNO) is leading a task force to assess nurse readiness and training needs as these technologies roll out. Despite these advances, many patients remain unaware that AI plays a role in their care. Meanwhile, the IT department has reported minor integration issues between the new technologies and existing legacy systems.

Stakeholder Perspectives

 Stakeholders have highlighted both opportunities and challenges.

· An ED nurse commented,  “It’s helpful, but I don’t want it to become a crutch. What happens when the alert doesn’t fire?”

· The CNO noted,  “AI should enhance—not replace—nursing judgment. But further training is needed to ensure nurses are confident using it.”

· A patient advocate stressed,  “Transparency matters. Clients should know AI is influencing their care decisions.”

    

 

After reviewing the case study, answer the following prompts:

1. Summarize the key innovations introduced at Harmony Health System. Briefly explain what each technology does and how it aims to improve healthcare delivery or outcomes.

2. Analyze the benefits and risks of implementing AI and other emerging technologies at a system level. Consider issues like safety, efficiency, equity, privacy, and ethical implications. Support your response with at least one scholarly or professional source

3. Discuss how these technologies affect nursing practice, including roles, workflows, collaboration, and patient care responsibilities. Reflect on potential shifts in how nurses work and advocate for their patients in tech-enhanced environments.

4. Reflect on one emerging trend in healthcare informatics (such as predictive analytics, wearables, or blockchain). Explain why you find it promising and how it might transform patient care over the next 5–10 years.

 

 

Universal Design Assignment Instructions

 Choose  one format for your response:

· Written Essay (2-3 pages double spaced in APA format. The 2-3 pages does not include the cover page and the reference page.)

· attach a reference page which includes a minimum of 2 peer-reviewed scholarly journals within 5 years.

See rubric for additional details.

 

Suggested Resources

American Nurses Association (2022).  Nursing Informatics: Scope and Standards of Practice.

Nashwan, A. J., Cabrega, J. C. A., Othman, M. I., Khedr, M. A., Osman, Y. M., ElAshry, A. M., Naif, R., & Mousa, A. A. (2025).  The evolving role of nursing informatics in the era of artificial intelligence.  International Nursing Review, 72(1), e13084.  https://doi.org/10.1111/inr.13084Links to an external site.

Hardy, L. R. (2024).  Health informatics: An interprofessional approach. Elsevier.

LaBoone, P. A., & Marques, O. (2024). Overview of the future impact of wearables and artificial intelligence in healthcare workflows and technology.  International Journal of Information Management Data Insights, 4(2), Article 100294.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jjimei.2024.100294Links to an external site.

Center for Connected Medicine. (2024, December 6).  Early successes, untapped potential, lingering questions: AI adoption in healthcare report 2024. https://connectedmed.com/resources/ai-adoption-in-healthcare-report-2024/

Watson A.L. (2024). Ethical considerations for artificial intelligence use in nursing informatics.  Nursing Ethics. 31(6):1031-1040. doi: 10.1177/09697330241230515Links to an external site.

 

AI Case Study: Final Exam Rubric
Criteria Ratings Pts
Identification & Summary of Innovations

view longer description

20 to >13 pts

Excellent

Provides a comprehensive, accurate summary of all key innovations introduced. Each technology is clearly explained with its function and intended impact on healthcare delivery or outcomes. Information is concise, precise, and well-organized, showing strong understanding of the innovations

13 to >6 pts

Good

Provides a clear summary of most innovations, though it may have minor omissions or limited explanation of a few technologies. Explains purpose and impact in general terms but may lack some depth or clarity.

6 to >3 pts

Satisfactory

Summarizes only some innovations, with limited detail or clarity. Explanations of purpose or impact are vague, incomplete, or partially inaccurate.

3 to >0 pts

Unsatisfactory

Provides a minimal or inaccurate summary of innovations. Key technologies are missing, misrepresented, or not explained.

/ 20 pts
Analysis of Benefits and Risks

view longer description

25 to >18 pts

Excellent

Provides a comprehensive, balanced analysis of both benefits and risks across multiple domains (safety, efficiency, equity, privacy, ethics). Integrates multiple, recent scholarly/sources that strongly support claims. Demonstrates critical thinking by acknowledging complexity and potential unintended consequences. Clear, well-organized discussion shows strong understanding of system-level issues.

18 to >12 pts

Good

Provides a solid analysis of benefits and risks, though it may be stronger in one area than the other. Supported with at least one scholarly source, though integration may be limited. Demonstrates understanding of issues, but analysis may lack the depth, nuance, or balance of higher-level work.

12 to >5 pts

Satisfactory

Provides a basic discussion with limited depth or detail. Mentions benefits and/or risks but does not explore them fully. Support may be minimal or not well connected.

5 to >0 pts

Unsatisfactory

Discussion is superficial or unclear. Lacks meaningful analysis of benefits and risks. Sources are absent, outdated, or not scholarly.

/ 25 pts
Impact on Nursing & Patient Care

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25 to >17 pts

Excellent

Provides a comprehensive discussion of how technologies affect nursing practice, workflows, collaboration, and patient care. Strongly supported with multiple, recent scholarly/professional sources that are well-integrated. Explores both opportunities and challenges for nurses in tech-enhanced environments, including advocacy roles. Demonstrates insight into evolving nursing responsibilities and patient-centered care.

17 to >12 pts

Good

Provides a thoughtful discussion of impacts, covering most relevant areas (roles, workflows, collaboration, patient care). Supported with at least one scholarly/professional source, though analysis may lack depth or balance. Reflection on advocacy and shifts in practice is present but not deeply developed.

12 to >5 pts

Satisfactory

Provides a limited discussion with minimal detail or clarity. Mentions some impacts on nursing or care, but treatment is narrow or incomplete. Support is weak or missing.

5 to >0 pts

Unsatisfactory

Provides little to no discussion of impact on nursing or patient care. Missing scholarly support.

/ 25 pts
Reflection on Emerging Trend

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20 to >13 pts

Excellent

Provides original, critical insight into the chosen trend, going beyond surface description. Strongly supported with multiple, recent scholarly or professional sources that are well-integrated into the reflection. Explicitly addresses how the trend could transform patient care, nursing roles, and healthcare systems over the next 5–10 years. Reflection is nuanced, innovative, and demonstrates deep engagement

13 to >6 pts

Good

Provides a thoughtful but more descriptive discussion of the trend, explaining its current relevance. Supported with at least one scholarly or professional source, though connections may be limited or less developed. Mentions future potential but in more general terms, without detailed exploration of long-term impact. Reflection is clear and accurate but lacks originality or depth.

6 to >3 pts

Satisfactory

Provides only a basic reflection with limited detail or application. May reference a trend but with minimal explanation of relevance or future implications. Support is weak or missing.

3 to >0 pts

Unsatisfactory

Reflection is vague, off-topic, or missing.

/ 20 pts
Grammar, Use of Sources & APA Formatting

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10 to >7 pts

Excellent

Well organized paper, video, audio, or infographic, mostly uses headers to organize if paper submitted, free of errors, follows APA format correctly. A minimum of 2 peer-reviewed, scholarly journals within 5 years provided.

7 to >4 pts

Good

Organized paper, video, audio, or infographic, mostly uses headers to organize if paper submitted, few errors, mostly follows APA format. 1-2 peer-reviewed, scholarly journals within 5 years provided.

4 to >0 pts

Satisfactory

Some organization issues on paper, video, audio, or infographic,, minimal use of headers to organize if paper submitted, several errors, partially follows APA format. Only 1 peer-reviewed, scholarly journals within 5 years provided.

0 pts

Unsatisfactory

Poorly organized paper, video, audio, or infographic, many errors, no headers used, does not follow APA format

/ 10 pts
 This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeCompetency 8.1 Describe the various information and communication technology tools used in the care of patients, communities, and populations.

threshold: 1.85

2 pts

Developed

1 pts

Developing

0 pts

No Evidence

 
 This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeCompetency 8.2 Use information and communication technology to gather data, create information, and generate knowledge.

threshold: 1.85

2 pts

Developed

1 pts

Developing

0 pts

No Evidence

 
 This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeCompetency 8.3 Use information and communication technologies and informatics processes to deliver safe nursing care to diverse populations in a variety of settings.

threshold: 1.85

2 pts

Developed

1 pts

Developing

0 pts

No Evidence

 
 This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeCompetency 8.5 Use information and communication technologies in accordance with ethical, legal, professional, and regulatory standards, and workplace policies in the delivery of care.

threshold: 1.85

2 pts

Developed

1 pts

Developing

0 pts

No Evidence

  • Summarize the key innovations introduced at Harmony Health System. Briefly explain what each technology does and how it aims to improve healthcare delivery or outcomes,

  • Analyze the benefits and risks of implementing AI and other emerging technologies at a system level. Consider issues like safety, efficiency equity privacy and ethical implications,

  • Discuss how these technologies affect nursing practice including roles workflows collaboration and patient care responsibilities,

  • Reflect on one emerging trend in healthcare informatics. Explain why you find it promising and how it might transform patient care over the next 5–10 years,

  • Support your responses with at least two scholarly or professional sources within five years.

November 13, 2025
November 13, 2025

Holistic Nursing Philosophy & Ethics Poster

1. Do not focus on beneficence, maleficence, autonomy, justice, fidelity etc.

Note: The ethical section must relate to the Holistic Ethics of Caring – check out your module readings for more information. 

Do not focus on beneficence, maleficence, autonomy, justice, fidelity etc.

Course Competency: Apply holistic philosophical, theoretical, and ethical principles to professional nursing practice.

Create a poster (scientific or conference ) in either Word or PowerPoint for nursing staff that highlights one holistic philosophy, one holistic theory, and one ethical principle in professional nursing practice. Your handout should include the following:

Holistic Nursing Philosophy & Ethics Poster

1. Define one holistic philosophy and provide one example of how to apply this philosophy to nursing practice.

2. Define one holistic theory and provide one example of how to apply this theory to nursing practice.

3. Define one (holistic) ethical principle and provide one example of how to apply this principle to nursing practice.

4. Provide at least three graphics on the poster (for example, photos, clip art).

For information on doing research, click here .

Click here for an FAQ on how to make a poster in Word.

Click here for a FAQ on how to make a poster in PPT

  • Define one holistic philosophy and provide one example of how to apply this philosophy to nursing practice,

  • Define one holistic theory and provide one example of how to apply this theory to nursing practice,

  • Define one (holistic) ethical principle and provide one example of how to apply this principle to nursing practice,

  • Provide at least three graphics on the poster (for example, photos, clip art),

  • Ensure the poster focuses on holistic ethics of caring and not traditional bioethical principles.


Poster Content (text to place into Word or PowerPoint layout)

Holistic Philosophy: Florence Nightingale’s Philosophy of Holistic Care

Definition:
Florence Nightingale’s holistic philosophy emphasizes the interconnectedness between body, mind, and environment in promoting health and healing. She believed that nurses must consider the whole person—physical, emotional, social, and spiritual dimensions—when delivering care.

Application in Practice:
A nurse applying Nightingale’s philosophy ensures that the patient’s environment supports healing. This may include reducing noise, ensuring proper lighting, maintaining cleanliness, and fostering emotional comfort. For instance, in a hospital room, the nurse might adjust lighting for relaxation, promote quiet time for rest, and engage in calm, compassionate conversation to support the patient’s holistic well-being.

November 13, 2025
November 13, 2025

Financing Options

Explain your reasoning in detail. Discuss the main advantages and disadvantages associated with each financing option. Your initial response should be at least 150 words. Additionally, provide at least two thoughtful replies to your classmates’ posts that add meaningful insight to the discussion.

Financing Options

  • Explain your reasoning in detail.,

  • Discuss the main advantages and disadvantages associated with each financing option.,

  • Your initial response should be at least 150 words.,

  • Additionally provide at least two thoughtful replies to your classmates’ posts that add meaningful insight to the discussion.,

  • (No fifth explicit question provided.)


Answer — Financing Options (detailed reasoning + pros/cons)

When deciding how to finance a business activity (startup launch, expansion, equipment purchase, etc.), weigh three things: the company’s stage and risk profile, owners’ willingness to dilute control, and cash-flow capacity for repayment. Below I compare five common options and explain why one might be chosen over another.

1. Bank loans (traditional debt)
Reasoning: Good for established firms with predictable cash flow. Debt preserves ownership and often has lower long-term cost than equity (interest tax-deductible).
Advantages: No dilution of ownership; predictable amortization schedule; interest tax shield.
Disadvantages: Requires collateral/creditworthiness; fixed repayments increase financial risk during downturns; covenants may limit flexibility.

2. Equity financing (issuing shares)
Reasoning: Suitable when cash flow is uncertain or growth is high and investor networks bring strategic value. It avoids mandatory repayments.
Advantages: No required repayments; investors share risk and may add expertise/networks; improves balance-sheet liquidity.
Disadvantages: Dilution of control and future profits; potentially higher long-term cost if the company becomes very valuable; investor oversight and governance demands.

3. Venture capital / angel investment
Reasoning: Best for high-growth, early-stage firms needing large funding and strategic guidance.
Advantages: Large capital injections, mentor support, credibility, follow-on funding potential.
Disadvantages: Significant ownership dilution; pressure for rapid growth and exit; potential conflicts over strategy/timing.

4. Crowdfunding (rewards or equity)
Reasoning: Useful for product validation, marketing buzz, or community-backed projects. Equity crowdfunding gives access to many small investors.
Advantages: Market validation; marketing/brand building; flexible terms (rewards) and access to retail investors (equity).
Disadvantages: Time-consuming campaign work; public disclosure requirements; equity crowdfunding involves many small shareholders and administrative complexity.

5. Internal funds / retained earnings
Reasoning: Ideal when the firm has accumulated profits. It’s the cheapest source of capital (no transaction costs).
Advantages: No dilution, no interest, retains full control; signals financial health.
Disadvantages: Opportunity cost (foregoing other investments or dividends); may be insufficient for large projects; over-reliance can reduce liquidity buffers.

Decision logic summary:
If you have stable cash flows and want to preserve control, choose bank debt. If growth is rapid and risk is high, prefer equity or VC despite dilution. Use crowdfunding for consumer products and marketing benefits. Use retained earnings when available and the project is modest. Often a hybrid approach (small equity + bank debt + internal funds) optimizes cost and control.


Two sample thoughtful replies you can adapt for classmates

Reply 1 (to a classmate advocating bank loans):
“I agree bank loans can be efficient for established firms—your point about the tax deductibility of interest is important. One addition: examine covenant terms closely; a restrictive covenant can hamstring strategic moves (like M&A). Also consider a variable vs. fixed rate split to hedge interest-rate risk—have you modeled scenario results if sales drop by 20%?”

Reply 2 (to a classmate favoring crowdfunding):
“Great overview of crowdfunding’s marketing benefits. To expand, think about fulfillment risk: underestimating production costs can turn a successful campaign into a financial trap. If you pursue equity crowdfunding, plan governance mechanisms so many small investors don’t create administrative burdens—using a single SPV (special purpose vehicle) is one workaround.”

November 13, 2025

Holistic Approach to Reducing Hospital Noise Pollution

You are a student nurse at Rush Hospital and were recently chosen to be the student representative of the newly formed Holistic Nursing Committee. Hospital leadership has asked your committee to address inpatient complaints about the amount of general noise pollution throughout the hospital.

The committee members feel this is a perfect opportunity to demonstrate how the holistic caring process can be applied to addressing the problem of noise pollution in the hospital. They have asked you to write an executive summary for hospital leadership.

You have a basic familiarity with holistic interventions that enhance the inpatient experience and promote healing, but know you will need to investigate evidence-based research about noise reduction and optimization.

Holistic Approach to Reducing Hospital Noise Pollution

Instructions

Write an executive summary that demonstrates the use of the holistic caring process to address general noise pollution in the hospital. The summary should be approximately 3-5 pages in length and include:

1. A summary of the holistic intervention you recommend be implemented in the hospital to combat general noise pollution. It should address the following:

2. Briefly describe the intervention. Be sure to support your recommendation using at least three evidence-based research articles.

3. Provide a statement of how this intervention could be incorporated into a patient’s therapeutic care plan.

4. Describe how this intervention would reduce general noise pollution in the hospital.

5. Describe how you would evaluate this intervention over time.

6. Assessment of the problem, challenges, and outcomes associated with hospital noise pollution. Include the following:

7. A description of general noise pollution in the hospital setting.

8. At least two sources of noise pollution in the hospital setting.

9. At least two health effects of noise pollution on patients.

10. At least two health effects of noise pollution on staff.

11. Discussion of the evidence-based, holistic caring interventions for addressing noise pollution in the hospital setting. Include the following:

12. At least one recommendation for acceptable sound levels in the hospital.

13. At least one evidence-based, holistic, mind-body intervention that promotes health and well-being in the hospitalized patient.

14. At least one evidence-based, holistic, environmental intervention for addressing noise pollution.

  • What holistic intervention should be implemented to combat hospital noise pollution?,

  • How can this intervention be incorporated into a patient’s therapeutic care plan?,

  • How would this intervention reduce general noise pollution in the hospital?,

  • How can this intervention be evaluated over time?,

  • What are the sources effects and holistic strategies for addressing hospital noise pollution?