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October 8, 2025

Nuclear Energy and Electromagnetic Applications

Scientists such as Heinrich Hertz, Philipp Lenard, Max Planck, and Albert Einstein made scientific contributions that ultimately demonstrated that light is electromagnetic radiation, and that it has a “dual nature.” Some electromagnetic phenomena are best explained with a particle model, and some with a wave model. In a sense, “wave” and “particle” are just easy mental models for light. We employ them because we are used to seeing waves and particles—such as those in water waves and baseballs—in our daily lives. Electromagnetic radiation is a basic concept in physics, but it doesn’t fit completely into one of these neat little boxes.

Research and discuss at least one modern technology that employs electromagnetic radiation and that can be explained by the wave model, the particle model, or a combination of the two. Some possible technologies include solar panels, burglar alarms, cameras, and cell phones.

Nuclear Energy and Electromagnetic Applications

Research Fusion and Fission Reactions

Read about Nuclear power and then search the internet for more information about fission and fusion reactions. Use the search terms:

  • deuterium-tritium fusion reaction
  • uranium-235 fission reaction
  • plutonium-239 fission reaction

Part A Nuclear Energy and Electromagnetic Applications

Why is the deuterium-tritium reaction the most promising nuclear fusion reaction for future energy production?

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Part B

Why is uranium-235 the most common isotope for nuclear fission in current use in nuclear power generation?

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Part C

Why is it advantageous to produce plutonium-239?

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Calculations

Complete the calculations for each nuclear reaction listed below.

Use these resources to better understand the activity at hand and to help in your tasks:

Conversions:

  • 1MeV = 1.6 x 10-13 J
  • Energy use per person per year in the United States = 3.5 x 1011 Joules
    (estimated, varies by source, August 2009)
  • Approximate population of USA: 310,000,000

Question 1

Deuterium-Tritium Fusion Reaction

Given: energy released = 17.59 MeV per deuterium/tritium reaction pair (mass = 5 amu)

Part A

List the balanced nuclear reaction.

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Part B

Determine the energy released per kilogram of fuel used.

  • Given MeV per reaction, calculate energy in joules per kilogram of reactants.
  • Consider 1 mole of tritium plus 1 mole of deuterium to be a mole of “reactions” (total molar mass = 5 grams).

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Part C

Determine the mass of fuel required for the expected energy consumption in the United States for the next 10 years.

  • Energy use per person per year in the United States = 3.5 × 1011 joules.
  • Base your calculations on a current population of 310,000,000.

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Question 2

Uranium-235 Fission

Given: energy released = about 200 MeV per individual reaction (mass = 235 amu)

Part A

Find the balanced nuclear reaction.

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Part B

Determine the energy released per kilogram of fuel used.

  • Given MeV per reaction, calculate energy in joules per kilogram of reactants.
  • Consider 1 mole of uranium-235 to be a mole of “reactions” (molar mass = 235 grams).

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Part C

Determine the mass of fuel required for the expected energy consumption in the United States for the next 10 years:

  • Provide the energy use per person per year in the United States = 3.5 × 1011 joules.
  • Base your calculations on a current population of 310,000,000.

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Question 3

Plutonium-239

Given: energy released = about 200 MeV per individual reaction (mass = 239 amu)

Part A

List the balanced nuclear reaction.

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Part B

Determine the energy released per kilogram of fuel used.

  • Given MeV per reaction, calculate energy in joules per kilogram of reactants.
  • Consider 1 mole of plutonium-239 to be a mole of “reactions” (molar mass = 239 grams).

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Part C

Determine the mass of fuel required for the expected energy consumption in the United States for the next 10 years.

  • Energy use per person per year in the United States = 3.5 × 1011 joules.
  • Base your calculations on a current population of 310,000,000.

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Analysis and Conclusions

Write a summary of your findings from the calculations section above. Discuss information from your research and the pros and cons of each energy alternative.

Part A

Summarize the results of your calculations from Task 2.

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Part B

Discuss the pros and cons of fission and fusion reactions based on your research.

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Part C

Write your conclusions as to which nuclear reaction is the best alternative energy source.

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  • What modern technology employs electromagnetic radiation and how is it explained?, Why is the deuterium-tritium reaction the most promising for fusion?, Why is uranium-235 the most common isotope for nuclear fission?, Why is it advantageous to produce plutonium-239?, What are the pros and cons of fission and fusion and which is the best alternative?

October 8, 2025
October 8, 2025

Online Physics Lab Report Guidelines

• Laboratory Preparation: Instructions to all lab experiments are posted on our Blackboard course website. Before performing each lab activity, students must read the instructions, prepare for the laboratory, and study the theory for the experiment. Online lab experiments will be performed by each student as specified in the lab instructions, and a single report will be submitted for each experiment activity. Students can work on the experiments individually or in small groups of 2 or 3 students, but each student must write and submit their own lab report and include a detailed list of contributions from all group members to the lab (see below).

Online Physics Lab Report Guidelines

• Laboratory Report Policy: Each lab experiment will span two weeks: The 1st week is devoted to reviewing the activity and collecting the data, while the 2nd week is devoted to completing the lab report. Each student will be responsible for producing a report pertaining to each experiment. Lab reports must be typed and submitted (uploaded as assignments) via Blackboard website using the corresponding link available in the Labs & Reports folder. Lab reports are due on Sunday by midnight (11:59 pm) before your next lab (see course schedule). Lab reports will be graded and returned to you via Blackboard website with feedback and comments. Reports will not be accepted via email. A student must pass the lab portion of the course in order to pass the entire course.

• Late Report Policy: Late laboratory reports will only be accepted in the case of extreme emergency or illness and prior arrangements have been made with the instructor. Students that do not participate in the lab activity or do not submit the required lab report, will not get credit for the lab and will receive a grade of zero (0%). Refer to the course syllabus for more details.

• Format of Laboratory Reports: Laboratory reports must be typed professionally using Microsoft Word (*.doc or *.docx) and in standard font. Plagiarism and copying from the lab instructions or from another student will not be tolerated. Each report must be a single document less than 1 MB in size, and the basic parts of all lab reports must be arranged in the following order:

1. A “Title page” containing your name followed by your partner’s names if any, the title of the report, the

course code, section number, and the date when the experiment was performed.

2. A section entitled “Objectives”, which contains the objective or objectives of the experiment.

3. A section entitled “Theory”, which contains all pertinent theoretical considerations and equations used during the lab or in the calculations. All equations must be explained and typed using Microsoft Word.

4. A section entitled “Equipment and Materials”, which contains a list of the equipment and materials used to carry out the experiment. Also, include a sketch of the lab set-up, equipment, or simulation.

5. A section entitled “Data”, which contains the collected data and results in tabular format. All data tables must be typed using Microsoft Word. Do not include any calculations in this section.

6. A section entitled “Graphs and Screenshots”, which contains any required graphs, diagrams, or screenshots. All graphs must have a title, a well-chosen scale, and properly labeled axes. Curves and straight lines should be drawn smoothly and as close to as many points as possible. Graphs must also display any required slopes or intercepts. Screenshots must be clear and properly labeled.

7. A section entitled “Calculations”, which contains detailed calculations for all trials showing the equations used, algebra, and results rounded to the correct number of significant figures. Include in this section comparisons with expected or standard values (percent error or percent difference). All calculations must be typed using Microsoft Word.

8. A section entitled “Conclusions”, which contains conclusions based on the data, calculations, physical theory, and lab analysis. The conclusions should include: ✓ Summary of final results (values). ✓ Comment on the agreement or disagreement of the results with the theory or expectations. ✓ Answers all analysis questions given in the lab instruction or by the lab instructor. ✓ Discuss what you personally learned from this experiment and your observations/comments. Online Physics Lab Report Guidelines

9. A section entitled “Sources of Error”, which contains a list of the possible sources of experimental errors. There are always errors in any measurement. Identify some of the significant sources.

10. A section entitled “References” that lists all references used. Textbook and lab manual/handouts should always be included.

11. If students worked on the lab as a group, include a section at the end of the report entitled “Contributions” that lists in detail the contributions of all group members to the lab. Remember that each student must write and submit their own lab report for each lab activity or experiment.

What are the laboratory preparation requirements?, What is the policy for laboratory reports?, What is the late report policy?, What format should laboratory reports follow?, What are the main sections required in each lab report?

October 8, 2025
October 8, 2025

Physics Lab Experiment

1) Introduction: Explain the theory behind this experiment in a paragraph between 150 and 250 words. (2 Points)

Suppose you are using external resources; include the reference. It would be best if you had any relevant formulas and explanations of each term. You may use the rich formula tools embedded here.

2) Hypothesis: In an If /Then statement, highlight the purpose of the experiment.

For instance: If two same shape objects with different masses are dropped from the same height, they will hit the ground simultaneously. (2 points)

Post-lab section:

Physics Lab Experiment

3) Attach your analysis here, including any table, chart, or plot image. (3 Points)

4) Attach the image of any table, chart, or plot here. (4 points)

Each part is 2 points.

Table 1 and the calculation of the percent error.

Table 2 and the calculation of the percent error.

5) Attach the image of samples of your calculation here. (2 points)

 

6) In a paragraph between 100 and 150 words, explain what you Learn. What conclusion can you draw from the results of this lab assignment? (2 points)

 

7) In one sentence, compare the results of the experiment with your Hypothesis. Why? (1 point)

8) Attach your response to the questions in the lab manual here. (4 points)

  • Explain the theory behind this experiment., State your hypothesis in an If/Then form., Attach your analysis including any table, chart, or plot., Explain what you learned and conclude from the results., Compare the results of the experiment with your hypothesis and explain why.


Answers:

1) Theory (Introduction)
This experiment explores the fundamental relationship between measured variables in a physical system—such as force, mass, acceleration, or energy—and how they conform to established scientific laws. For example, according to Newton’s Second Law of Motion, F=maF = ma, force equals mass multiplied by acceleration. Each term represents measurable quantities: FF (force) in newtons (N), mm (mass) in kilograms (kg), and aa (acceleration) in meters per second squared (m/s²). Understanding this relationship helps explain how objects respond to applied forces and provides a basis for calculating expected outcomes. The experiment’s theory may also involve calculating percent error to evaluate the accuracy of experimental results compared to theoretical predictions, using the formula Percent Error=∣Experimental Value – Theoretical Value∣Theoretical Value×100\text{Percent Error} = \frac{|\text{Experimental Value – Theoretical Value}|}{\text{Theoretical Value}} \times 100. This helps assess measurement reliability and overall precision.

2) Hypothesis
If the experiment follows the theoretical relationship between force, mass, and acceleration accurately, then the data collected will show that as mass increases (with constant force), acceleration decreases proportionally, confirming Newton’s Second Law.

3) Analysis
In the analysis section, data from tables and plots should display consistent patterns aligning with theoretical predictions. Graphs of force versus acceleration are expected to be linear, indicating proportionality. Any deviations can be attributed to measurement errors, frictional forces, or reaction time during data collection. Percent error calculations help validate accuracy.

4) What I Learned (Conclusion)
From this experiment, I learned how theoretical principles translate into measurable data. The experiment demonstrated how applying controlled conditions allows verification of known physical laws. By calculating percent error, I gained insight into the importance of accuracy and precision in data collection. Overall, the results strengthened my understanding of experimental physics and the relationship between theory and observation.

October 7, 2025
October 7, 2025

Reflecting on Feedback and Diversity

Cultural awareness helps you understand and connect with others better. Part of developing your cultural awareness depends on how you give and receive feedback. In this assignment, you will reflect on how you give and receive feedback and how diversity awareness impacts communication and collaboration. (As you may recall, diversity awareness involves recognizing, respecting, and embracing others’ differences.) Reflecting on how you give and receive feedback will help you approach feedback as an opportunity to strengthen your own communication skills and your relationships with others.

Reflecting on Feedback and Diversity

Directions

In this journal submission, you will describe how you give and receive feedback. You will reflect on past feedback and how it has shaped your approach to receiving feedback now. You will also discuss the impact that diversity awareness has on communication, collaboration, and feedback situations. Finally, you will describe strategies you can use when interacting with people with diverse backgrounds.

Specifically, you must address the following:

  1. Describe your perceptions regarding receiving feedback.
    1. How does receiving feedback make you feel?
    2. How can you improve your reaction to feedback?
  2. Describe how you can use past feedback to inform how you give and receive feedback now.
    1. What have you learned from past experiences in which you received feedback?
    2. How can you apply what you learned to future feedback situations?
  3. Describe the impact that diversity awareness has on giving and receiving feedback when communicating and collaborating with others.
  4. Describe how you can use strategies for interacting with diverse groups of people as you give and receive feedback.

What to Submit

Submit your journal as a 1-page Microsoft Word document with 12-point Times New Roman font, double spacing, and one-inch margins. No sources are required. If sources are used, be sure to include an attribution (or citation) to the source. While you will not be graded on the quality of your citations in this assignment, you may receive guidance from your instructor on how to properly cite sources.

Alternatively, Brightspace allows the use of video notes. You may optionally use the Video Note tool to complete this assignment but if you use any sources, you must refer to your sources verbally throughout your video and submit a separate references page. If you use Video Note, your video should be 2-5 minutes long. If you need assistance using Video Note, please refer to the resources in the Start Here module.

 

Module Six Journal Rubric Reflecting on Feedback and Diversity

Criteria Meets Expectations (100%) Partially Meets Expectations (75%) Does Not Meet Expectations (0%) Value
Perceptions Describes perceptions regarding receiving feedback Shows progress toward meeting expectations, but with errors or omissions; areas for improvement may include providing a more thorough description of perceptions regarding receiving feedback with specific examples Does not attempt criterion 22.5
Past Feedback Describes how to use past feedback to inform how to give and receive feedback now Shows progress toward meeting expectations, but with errors or omissions; areas for improvement may include providing a more thorough description of how to use past feedback to inform how to give and receive feedback now with specific examples Does not attempt criterion 22.5
Diversity Awareness Describes the impact that diversity awareness has on giving and receiving feedback when communicating and collaborating with others Shows progress toward meeting expectations, but with errors or omissions; areas for improvement may include providing a more thorough description of the impact that diversity awareness has on communicating and collaborating with others and giving and receiving feedback with specific examples Does not attempt criterion 22.5
Strategies Describes how to use strategies for interacting with diverse groups of people when giving and receiving feedback Shows progress toward meeting expectations, but with errors or omissions; areas for improvement may include providing a more thorough description of how to use strategies for interacting with diverse groups of people when giving and receiving feedback with specific examples Does not attempt criterion 22.5
Clear Communication Consistently and effectively communicates in an organized way to a specific audience Shows progress toward meeting expectations, but communication is inconsistent or ineffective in a way that negatively impacts understanding Shows no evidence of consistent, effective, or organized communication 10
Total: 100%
  • Describe your perceptions regarding receiving feedback,

  • Describe how you can use past feedback to inform how you give and receive feedback now,

  • Describe the impact that diversity awareness has on giving and receiving feedback when communicating and collaborating with others,

  • Describe how you can use strategies for interacting with diverse groups of people when giving and receiving feedback.

October 7, 2025
October 7, 2025

Parkinson’s Disease

What is the pathological condition?

  • Provide the name and a brief overview of the condition.

  2. What are the key symptoms and causes?

  • Explain how this condition affects the body and what might cause it.

  3. How is the condition treated or managed?

  • Identify common treatment options and any preventive measures.

 4. How common is the condition?

  • Include the rate of occurrence or prevalence of the condition in the general population.

5. Why did this pathology interest you?

  • Share why this condition caught your attention and how it connects to your studies or career goals.

Please include at least 1 scientific reference in your response.Parkinson’s Disease

  • What is the pathological condition?,

  • What are the key symptoms and causes?,

  • How is the condition treated or managed?,

  • How common is the condition?,

  • Why did this pathology interest you?


Comprehensive Answer

1. What is the pathological condition?

The pathological condition is Parkinson’s disease (PD) — a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that primarily affects movement control. It develops due to the gradual loss of dopamine-producing neurons in the substantia nigra, a region of the brain responsible for coordinating smooth and balanced muscle activity. The decline in dopamine levels disrupts communication between brain regions that control movement, leading to tremors, stiffness, and slowed motion (National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke [NINDS], 2023). Although it is mainly known as a motor disorder, PD also affects mood, cognition, and sleep, making it a complex neurological disease.

Parkinson’s Disease2. What are the key symptoms and causes?

Symptoms:

  • Resting tremor (shaking hands, arms, legs, or jaw)

  • Bradykinesia (slowness of movement)

  • Muscle rigidity

  • Postural instability and balance problems

  • Non-motor symptoms such as depression, sleep disturbances, and cognitive decline

Causes:
The exact cause of Parkinson’s disease remains unclear, but it is thought to result from a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Genetic mutations such as LRRK2, PARK7, and SNCA have been linked to familial cases, while exposure to pesticides or toxins may contribute to sporadic forms. Oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and abnormal protein accumulation (α-synuclein) further damage neurons, worsening the condition over time.


3. How is the condition treated or managed?

Although there is no cure for Parkinson’s disease, treatment focuses on managing symptoms and improving quality of life.

Common treatments include:

  • Medications: The most common is Levodopa, often combined with Carbidopa to replenish dopamine levels. Other drugs such as dopamine agonists and MAO-B inhibitors help reduce motor symptoms.

  • Surgical options: Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) is used for patients whose symptoms are not well controlled with medication.

  • Therapies: Physical, occupational, and speech therapy improve movement, speech, and daily functioning.

  • Lifestyle measures: Regular exercise, balanced nutrition, and mindfulness-based stress reduction can slow disease progression and enhance well-being.

Preventive measures are not well-established, but studies suggest that physical activity, a diet rich in antioxidants, and reduced exposure to toxins may help lower risk.


4. How common is the condition?

Parkinson’s disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer’s disease. According to the Parkinson’s Foundation (2024), approximately 10 million people worldwide live with PD. In the United States alone, about 90,000 new cases are diagnosed annually, primarily in individuals over the age of 60, though early-onset cases can occur before age 50. Prevalence increases with age, and men are about 1.5 times more likely than women to develop the disease.


5. Why did this pathology interest you?

Parkinson’s disease interests me because of its impact on both physical and cognitive functioning, illustrating the intricate link between the brain and movement. As someone studying health sciences, I find it fascinating how a biochemical imbalance in dopamine can produce such profound systemic effects. Understanding this pathology connects directly to my career goals in healthcare, where I aim to contribute to patient-centered approaches for managing chronic neurological conditions. Additionally, observing how multidisciplinary care—neurology, physical therapy, psychology—improves patient outcomes inspires my pursuit of collaborative healthcare practice.

  • What is the pathological condition?,

  • What are the key symptoms and causes?,

  • How is the condition treated or managed?,

  • How common is the condition?,

  • Why did this pathology interest you?

October 7, 2025
October 7, 2025

Analyzing Bank Income Statements

Imagine that you are hired as a data analyst for a bank. The bank would like to learn more about its customers’ spending and banking habits to identify areas of improvement. You have been asked to review the bank’s income statements over the last five years and identify trends that will allow them to understand their customers better.

Analyzing Bank Income Statements

Download your chosen bank’s annual income statements from the last five years from the Mergent Market AtlasLinks to an external site. database in the University of Arizona Global Campus University Library. Review the Mergent Market Atlas Tip SheetLinks to an external site. resource for tips on accessing and searching the database. Use the “Company Financials” tab in Mergent Market Atlas to access the income statements.

In your paper,

  • Identify an area of the bank’s income statement related to customer spending.
  • Describe the data points or variables that give a complete picture of the customers’ spending pattern for the last six months.
    • In addition to the income statement, explain which other data sources you might use to understand the customers’ spending patterns.
    • List the steps you will take to prepare all these data sources such that they afford clear and accurate information.
  • Build a frequency table, a bar chart, and a pie chart using Excel for the identified variables that explain the customers’ spending patterns. Review the Microsoft Excel Help: HomeLinks to an external site. webpage, available for resources to help utilize Microsoft Excel. Use the same three variables in each table and chart to display the same data in three different formats.
  • After presenting your data in three formats, evaluate which tables and charts you find most helpful for communicating the desired message about the bank’s customers.

2 -3 pages apa use book as reference  Jaggia, S. (2023). Business analytics: Communicating with numbers (2nd ed.). McGraw-Hill Higher Education  Analyzing Bank Income Statements

  • Identify an area of the bank’s income statement related to customer spending,

  • Describe the data points or variables that give a complete picture of the customers’ spending pattern for the last six months,

  • Explain which other data sources might be used to understand the customers’ spending patterns,

  • List the steps to prepare all these data sources for accurate analysis,

  • Build a frequency table, bar chart, and pie chart using Excel for the identified variables and evaluate which is most effective for communication.

October 7, 2025
October 7, 2025

Understanding Communication Apprehension

View the TEDTalk “Why I live in Mortal Dread of Public Speaking”Links to an external site. by Megan Washington (TEDx, 2014). Then, view the Sources of Communication Apprehension presentation (adapted from Engleberg & Wynn, 2015). In light of the TEDTalk, the presentation, and your own experiences respond to the following questions:

  • What strikes you as most interesting about Ms. Washington’s talk?
  • Do you relate in any way to her talk or to the Sources of Communication Apprehension presentation?
  • If you had to pick one or two sources of communication apprehension that you feel relate to you, which ones would they be and how do you manage them?

Be sure to respond to at least 2 others as well.

Understanding Communication Apprehension

As a reminder, always connect to a scholarly source.

As a note, integrating a scholarly source for this post should go beyond mentioning the TED Talk. Aim for full credit and connect to a scholarly source beyond the TED Talk to show how the discussion ties to your studies in the course.

Incorporate material found in the unit presentations, the textbook, or other professional academic resources. Remember to cite sources appropriately.

References

Engleberg, I. N. & Wynn, D. R. (2015). Think communication. Boston, MA: Pearson  Understanding Communication Apprehension

TEDx. (2014). Megan Washington: Why I live in mortal dread of public speaking. http://www.ted.com/talks/megan_washington_why_i_live_in_mortal_dread_of_public_speaking

  • What strikes you as most interesting about Ms. Washington’s talk?,

  • Do you relate in any way to her talk or to the Sources of Communication Apprehension presentation?,

  • If you had to pick one or two sources of communication apprehension that you feel relate to you which ones would they be and how do you manage them?


Comprehensive Answer

What Strikes Me as Most Interesting About Ms. Washington’s Talk

What stands out most about Megan Washington’s TED Talk, “Why I Live in Mortal Dread of Public Speaking” (TEDx, 2014), is her vulnerability and courage in openly discussing her speech impediment while performing as a public figure. Despite being an accomplished musician, she reveals a deep fear of public speaking due to her stutter, a challenge that most people might assume she had overcome. Her transparency demonstrates that communication apprehension is not limited to inexperience or lack of confidence—it can affect even those who excel in performance-based professions. Washington’s story also highlights how authentic self-expression can transform perceived weaknesses into sources of inspiration and connection. Her ability to integrate humor, honesty, and humility shows that vulnerability can be a powerful communication tool.

October 7, 2025
October 7, 2025

Virtue Ethics and Compassionate Truth

A nurse named Paul is working in an assisted living facility and has a patient named Flo, who is suffering from Alzheimer’s disease. The patient has significant memory loss. One day, she wakes up in emotional distress, looking for her husband, Ernie. Paul knows that Ernie has been dead for ten years. Paul recognizes that telling the Floe her husband is dead will only cause further distress. However, he feels conflicted about lying to her.

Virtue Ethics and Compassionate Truth

Respond to one of the following prompts:

  • According to Virtue Ethics and its core principles (telos, virtue, eudaimonia, and practical wisdom), would it be morally permissible for Paul to lie or deceive Flo about her husband, Ernie? How might this affect Paul’s character? How might this affect Flo’s character? What effect will lying or deception have on the community and the trust within it? Will this lying or deceiving align with our proper function as humans? Use appropriate textual evidence to back up your claim. (USLOs 2.1, 2.2, 2.3)
  • According to Virtue ethics and its core principles (telos, virtue, eudaimonia, and practical wisdom), how might we use prudential reasoning to decide what is morally permissible? Which cardinal virtues (i.e., Justice, Temperance, Fortitude, and Prudence) should we appeal to in this case? Is there a solution where we can satisfy all the cardinal virtues? Use appropriate textual evidence to back up your claim. (USLOs 2.1, Virtue Ethics and Compassionate Truth
  • According to Virtue Ethics and its core principles (telos virtue eudaimonia and practical wisdom) would it be morally permissible for Paul to lie or deceive Flo about her husband, Ernie?,

  • How might this affect Paul’s character?,

  • How might this affect Flo’s character?,

  • What effect will lying or deception have on the community and the trust within it?,

  • Will this lying or deceiving align with our proper function as humans?

October 7, 2025

Describing Individual Variables (Univariate Statistics)

Each discussion has a preparation section that contains statistical software exercises. You must complete these exercises before beginning the discussions each week.

This week, you will be working through the following exercises:

  • Enter the data from Table 2.5 in your Statistics for the Health Sciences textbook in an Excel file.
  • Save the Excel file as a .csv file and open the .csv file in JASP.
  • Generate a histogram and boxplot for each variable.
  • Generate a scatterplot showing the relationship between the two variables.
  • Additionally, generate the following for each variable:
    • Mean.
    • Median.
    • Mode.
    • Range.
    • Standard deviation.
    • Variance.
    • Quartiles.

File Submissions

Describing Individual Variables (Univariate Statistics)

Every time you generate outputs in a statistical software exercise, you will be required to interpret and report the results. Both the Word document and the output files must be uploaded to your discussion post.

  • Upload the .jasp file. Make sure you have saved your .jasp file after running your procedures to save the outputs.
  • Include a separate Word document in which you interpret and report the results of the graphs or tables (summary statistics, scattergram, box-plot, and histogram) you generated. Format your document using APA style.

Discussion Post

For the purposes of contributing to this week’s scholarly discussion, complete the following:

  • Post an example of how you might use descriptive statistics in your professional setting.
  • Describe one or two of the challenges, knowledge gaps, or unanswered questions you found while completing these exercises.
  • Finally, cite, in APA format, at least one non-Capella resource (for example, a YouTube video, website, or article) that you found useful for this topic. Describing Individual Variables (Univariate Statistics)
  • Post an example of how you might use descriptive statistics in your professional setting,

  • Describe one or two challenges knowledge gaps or unanswered questions you found while completing these exercises,

  • Cite at least one non-Capella resource in APA format that you found useful for this topic

October 7, 2025
October 7, 2025

Software Engineering in Building Sustainable Software

Considering the increasing complexity and scale of modern software systems, how does the discipline of software engineering contribute to the development of reliable, maintainable, and efficient software? Discuss the relevance of software engineering principles such as modularity, abstraction, and software lifecycle management in ensuring software projects’ long-term success and sustainability.

Consider including an open-ended question (requires more than a yes/no response), related to this week’s topics and readings, for your classmates to respond to.

  • How does software engineering contribute to developing reliable maintainable and efficient software?,

  • What is the relevance of modularity in software engineering?,

  • What role does abstraction play in software design and development?,

  • How does software lifecycle management ensure long-term success and sustainability?,

  • Include an open-ended question for classmates to respond to.

Software Engineering


Comprehensive Answer

The Importance of Software Engineering in Modern Systems

As software systems continue to grow in complexity, scale, and interconnectivity, the discipline of software engineering plays a critical role in ensuring that software products remain reliable, maintainable, and efficient. Software engineering applies structured principles, methodologies, and tools to manage complexity, reduce development risks, and maintain quality across the software’s entire lifespan. By emphasizing systematic design and disciplined development processes, software engineering transforms programming from an ad-hoc activity into a predictable, manageable, and measurable engineering endeavor.


Modularity: Simplifying Complexity

Modularity is a fundamental principle of software engineering that involves dividing a large software system into smaller, self-contained modules. Each module performs a specific function and interacts with others through well-defined interfaces. This approach enhances readability, testability, and maintainability, allowing developers to modify or update one part of the system without disrupting the entire structure. Modularity also supports parallel development, enabling teams to work on different components simultaneously, which improves efficiency and scalability. For example, modern systems such as microservices architectures are based on modular principles, enabling independent deployment and maintenance of services.


Abstraction: Managing Details Effectively

Abstraction allows developers to focus on essential system behaviors while hiding unnecessary details. It simplifies problem-solving by reducing cognitive load, enabling developers to conceptualize complex systems at a higher level. In software engineering, abstraction is achieved through object-oriented design, layered architectures, and encapsulation. This principle enhances reusability, portability, and flexibility by allowing developers to modify lower-level components without altering higher-level functionality. In practice, abstraction supports long-term maintainability and adaptability, ensuring that software remains relevant even as underlying technologies evolve.


Software Lifecycle Management: Ensuring Long-Term Success

Software lifecycle management (SLM) encompasses all phases of software development—from requirements analysis and design to implementation, testing, deployment, and maintenance. Proper lifecycle management ensures that each stage is systematically planned, executed, and reviewed. This structured approach minimizes technical debt, ensures quality assurance, and facilitates timely updates or feature enhancements. Modern lifecycle frameworks such as Agile, DevOps, and Continuous Integration/Continuous Deployment (CI/CD) help teams respond rapidly to changing user needs while maintaining stability and reliability. Effective SLM promotes long-term sustainability by enabling continuous improvement and reducing software obsolescence.


Conclusion

In essence, software engineering principles such as modularity, abstraction, and lifecycle management are not only theoretical foundations but also practical strategies that drive sustainable software development. They ensure that systems are easier to evolve, adapt, and scale—key qualities in a rapidly changing technological landscape. As organizations increasingly rely on complex software ecosystems, adherence to these principles becomes essential for achieving long-term reliability and maintainability.