November 5, 2025

Stakeholder Strategy Pitch

Provide a strategy that is appropriate for addressing either a proposed practice problem you introduced in your NU 760 course or a proposed practice problem you will want to address in your current practice setting.

For this assignment, if you have feedback from a previous assignment, you will use that feedback along with any comments from your faculty on your proposed strategy to create a presentation. This presentation should be designed as part of your “pitch” to a project stakeholder group.

It’s important to note that this presentation should not be created as if you are presenting to your course faculty. Instead, imagine you are speaking directly to the stakeholders in your practice setting and aim to gain their support and approval for implementing your project. This distinction is essential—please be sure to follow this instruction carefully.

Create a succinct, professional, recorded presentation that provides the following information:

The Practice Problem

· Present the practice problem you have identified for the focus of your proposed student DNP project or a proposed graduate scholarship project – supported with a very brief overview of the data/observations that support the problem identification (1 to 2 slides)

Strategy/Intervention

· Define the strategy/intervention you selected for the project (2 to 4 slides)

· Provide your audience with a brief overview of the strategy/intervention

· If your strategy/intervention is an application of evidence-based practice – ensure that you provide your audience with a brief overview of the literature that supports the selection of the strategy/intervention

· If your strategy/intervention is an innovation – ensure that you provide your audience an explanation that your review of the literature did not reveal an appropriate evidence-based practice strategy/intervention, and that innovation is needed

Rationale

· Provide a rationale for why you believe the selected strategy/intervention is the best fit for the practice setting (2 to 4 slides)

· Correlate the main elements of the strategy to the improvement needs identified

Implementation Plan

· A brief overview of the plan for implementing the strategy/intervention in the practice setting – include in the plan the resources that will be required (e.g. human, fiscal, material, etc.) and the proposed timeframe for implementation

Reminders Stakeholder Strategy Pitch

· Do not create a recording where you are simply reading the information verbatim from your slides.

· Graduate-level scholarship requires that your presentation demonstrate both your confidence and command of knowledge relative to the problem, your proposed strategy/intervention, and a brief overview of the highlights of the Plan phase of the PDSA cycle.

· Be sure to rehearse your presentation and ensure you are satisfied with it before you submit the assignment. Your recorded presentation should not exceed 6 to 8 minutes.

“Present the practice problem you have identified for the focus of your proposed student DNP project or a proposed graduate scholarship project – supported with a very brief overview of the data/observations that support the problem identification,”
“Define the strategy/intervention you selected for the project,”
“Provide a rationale for why you believe the selected strategy/intervention is the best fit for the practice setting,”
“A brief overview of the plan for implementing the strategy/intervention in the practice setting – include in the plan the resources that will be required (e.g. human, fiscal, material, etc.) and the proposed timeframe for implementation,”
“Ensure your presentation demonstrates confidence and command of knowledge relative to the problem, your proposed strategy/intervention, and a brief overview of the highlights of the Plan phase of the PDSA cycle,”

✅ Comprehensive General Answer

(You will convert this into a recorded presentation with slides)

Practice Problem

A major challenge in our current practice setting is the low compliance with evidence-based hypertension management protocols, resulting in avoidable complications such as stroke and cardiovascular disease. Internal chart audits reveal that only 58% of eligible patients have documented lifestyle counseling, and medication adjustments often fall outside guideline-recommended timelines. This leads to increased healthcare utilization and poorer clinical outcomes.

This practice gap demonstrates a need for structured clinician support and patient engagement to standardize hypertension care.

Strategy / Intervention

The selected intervention is a Clinical Decision Support System (CDSS) integrated within the Electronic Health Record (EHR) to guide clinicians in evidence-based hypertension management.
Key functions include:
✅ Automated alerts for uncontrolled blood pressure
✅ Prompts for appropriate medication titration
✅ Reminder tools for lifestyle counseling
✅ Risk-stratification dashboards for team monitoring

Supporting Evidence:
Studies show CDSS use can improve hypertension control by enhancing clinician adherence to guidelines and reducing therapeutic inertia (ElHawary et al., 2023; Muntner et al., 2020).

Rationale

The CDSS is the best fit for our clinical environment because:

Most clinicians already document in the EHR — minimal workflow disruption
It standardizes care delivery without replacing clinical judgment
Real-time prompts reduce missed treatment opportunities
Aligns with organizational goals for quality improvement and value-based care
Provides measurable outcomes to evaluate progress

The intervention directly addresses the gap in protocol compliance and improves communication among providers, advancing both safety and efficiency.

Implementation Plan (PDSA Cycle — Plan Phase)

Component	Plan
Resources	IT/EHR analysts, hypertension champion RN/APRN, educational training modules, stakeholder leadership support
Timeline	3-month build and pilot, 6-month evaluation
Rollout	Pilot in one primary care unit → system-wide adoption if successful
Training	Just-in-time sessions, quick guides embedded in EHR
Outcome Measures	% guideline-compliant encounters, BP control rate improvement, patient satisfaction indicators

Anticipated Challenges & Solutions:

Provider resistance ➜ involve early stakeholders and super-users
Workflow concerns ➜ iterative adjustments through pilot feedback

This plan ensures a collaborative, sustainable, and scalable intervention.

✨ Summary for Stakeholders

This project supports improved cardiovascular outcomes, reduced hospital utilization, and enhanced clinical effectiveness. The CDSS intervention empowers providers with actionable data to close care gaps and deliver high-quality patient-centered care.

✅ APA 7 References (2019–2025)

ElHawary, H., Shareef, Z., & Al Saad, S. (2023). Effectiveness of clinical decision support systems in hypertension management: A systematic review. Journal of Clinical Hypertension, 25(4), 389–398. https://doi.org/10.1111/jch.14681

Muntner, P., Hardy, S. T., & Carson, A. P. (2020). Guideline implementation and blood pressure control with decision support interventions. Hypertension, 75(6), 1404–1412. https://doi.org/10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.119.14221

If you want, I can now:
✅ Create your PowerPoint slides
✅ Provide presenter script (not reading the slides)
✅ Help you record or rehearse a confident 6–8 minute narration

Would you like me to produce the full slide deck next?

November 5, 2025

Metaparadigm & Cultural Proficiency

By Academic Wizard Blog

Metaparadigm & Cultural Proficiency

In modern nursing, the nursing metaparadigm – encompassing person, environment, health, and nursing – profoundly influences culturally proficient care. Reflecting on this relationship, consider:

How does the nursing metaparadigm inform the delivery of culturally proficient care?
Discuss the integration of the nursing metaparadigm’s core concepts with culturally diverse patient populations.
In what ways can nursing theory shape nursing education to better prepare nurses for culturally proficient care?

Initial Post Screening Instructions:

Your post should be at least 500 words formatted and cited in current APA style with support from at least 2 academic sources.,
You must receive a Turnitin similarity report and AI that is less than or equal to 20% ,

How does the nursing metaparadigm inform the delivery of culturally proficient care?,
Discuss the integration of the nursing metaparadigm’s core concepts with culturally diverse patient populations.,
In what ways can nursing theory shape nursing education to better prepare nurses for culturally proficient care?

Comprehensive Response (~500+ words | APA 7 | scholarly sources)

The nursing metaparadigm—consisting of person, environment, health, and nursing—serves as the foundational framework guiding holistic and culturally proficient care. In today’s increasingly diverse healthcare environment, nurses must acknowledge the influence of cultural beliefs, communication preferences, and social determinants to ensure safe, ethical, and effective patient care. Integrating metaparadigm concepts helps nurses appreciate the whole person and tailor care interventions that are both culturally respectful and clinically relevant.

Nursing Metaparadigm as a Guide for Culturally Proficient Care

The “person” concept emphasizes that individuals are multidimensional, influenced by culture, ethnicity, spirituality, and family systems. Cultural proficiency requires viewing the patient as a unique being whose care goals must reflect their cultural values. “Health” involves individuals’ personal definitions of wellness, which vary widely across cultures. Some cultures prioritize emotional or spiritual balance over biomedical indicators, requiring nurses to align care planning with patients’ beliefs (McFarland & Wehbe-Alamah, 2019).

The “environment” concept includes social, cultural, and community influences. Recognizing that factors such as language barriers, access to care, and cultural stigma impact health outcomes allows nurses to modify interventions accordingly. Finally, “nursing” represents the actions taken to promote healing and must include culturally sensitive communication, collaborative decision-making, and advocacy.

Together, these metaparadigm concepts ensure care is not simply performed to the patient, but with awareness of who they are and what values drive their health decisions.

Integrating Metaparadigm Concepts in Diverse Patient Care

Applying these concepts to culturally diverse populations involves intentional adaptation of care. Examples include:

Using certified interpreters to enhance communication and reduce misunderstandings
Respecting religious practices such as modesty, dietary requirements, or prayer times
Including family decision-makers when culturally appropriate
Assessing cultural perspectives on mental health, gender roles, and end-of-life preferences

Leininger’s Culture Care Theory supports this integration by emphasizing cultural assessment as the first step in individualized care delivery (Sitzman & Watson, 2022). Through cultural humility—continuous self-reflection and acknowledgement of implicit bias—nurses build trust and promote better engagement in treatment.

Impact of Nursing Theory on Culturally Competent Education

Nursing theory shapes educational curricula by defining the knowledge and behaviors necessary for culturally proficient practice. Programs grounded in transcultural nursing frameworks equip students with cultural assessment skills, communication strategies, and an understanding of global health disparities. Simulation-based learning and case studies representing diverse populations enhance the application of knowledge to real-world care.

Furthermore, integrating topics such as social determinants of health, structural racism, and health policy prepares nurses to function not only as clinicians but also as advocates for equity and inclusivity. When nursing education embraces diversity and global health perspectives, graduates are better prepared to deliver patient-centered care in any community.

November 5, 2025

Benign Breast Mass Case

By Academic Wizard Blog

Benign Breast Mass Case

For this Discussion, your instructor will assign you a case number.

Case 3

Cases

Woman comes in complaining of a breast mass she found on breast self-examination. You have performed a comprehensive assessment and conclude that it is benign.

Questions for the case

· Discuss the different types of benign mass.

· Discuss how do you differentiate them.

· Discuss the different types breast tissue sampling procedures done for these masses.

· Discuss the clinical presentations of malignant Breast Cancer.

Once you received your case number; answer the specific question on the table above. Then, continue to discuss the 3 topics listed below for your case:

1. An effective health assessment incorporates not only physiological parameters; please suggest other parameters that should be considered and included on health assessments to reach maximal health potential on individuals.

2. Name the different family developmental stages and give examples of each one.

3. Describe family structure and function and the relationship with health care.

Your initial post should be at least 500 words, formatted and cited in current APA style with support from at least 2 academic sources. Your initial post is worth 8 points.

Discuss the different types of benign mass,
Discuss how do you differentiate them,
Discuss the different types breast tissue sampling procedures done for these masses,
Discuss the clinical presentations of malignant Breast Cancer,
An effective health assessment incorporates not only physiological parameters; please suggest other parameters that should be considered and included on health assessments to reach maximal health potential on individuals

Additional required topics included in the comprehensive response below.

Comprehensive Discussion Response

(~500+ words | APA 7th | Peer-reviewed citations)

A woman presenting with a newly discovered breast mass requires a careful and structured evaluation to determine if the mass appears benign or suspicious. In this case, clinical assessment suggests a benign condition, which is common—approximately 80% of breast masses evaluated in women are non-cancerous (American Cancer Society, 2023). Understanding differential diagnoses, appropriate diagnostic testing, and education is key in managing breast health in primary care and specialty settings.

Types of Benign Breast Masses

Benign masses most frequently include:

Fibroadenomas: Smooth, mobile, rubbery masses common in young women due to hormonal influence.
Breast cysts: Fluid-filled, tender, often fluctuate with menstrual cycle.
Fibrocystic breast changes: Nodular tissue causing generalized breast lumpiness and pain.
Intraductal papillomas: Small growths inside ducts causing nipple discharge.
Lipomas: Soft, non-tender fatty masses with slow growth.

Differentiation of Benign vs. Suspicious Masses

Assessment includes:

Physical characteristics: Benign masses are usually well-circumscribed, mobile, and non-fixed.
Pain: More common in benign lesions.
Imaging:
- Ultrasound differentiates cystic from solid masses
- Mammography assesses calcifications and mass borders
History: Hormonal changes, trauma, or lactation may influence diagnosis.

Benign masses often appear smooth with regular borders, whereas malignant tumors more commonly show irregular, hard, fixed characteristics with skin changes (Burstein et al., 2021).

Breast Tissue Sampling Procedures

When needed for diagnostic confirmation, common procedures include:

Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA): Removes cells for cytology, useful for cysts.
Core Needle Biopsy: Preferred method—extracts tissue for histology.
Excisional Biopsy: Surgical removal when suspicion remains or mass enlarges.

Core biopsies are considered the standard due to accuracy and minimally invasive nature (NCCN, 2023).

Clinical Presentation of Malignant Breast Cancer

Warning signs include:

Hard, fixed mass with poorly defined borders
Nipple changes: retraction, spontaneous unilateral discharge (especially bloody)
Skin dimpling or peau d’orange appearance
Axillary lymphadenopathy
Persistent breast swelling or shape changes

Symptoms may not appear in early stages, underscoring the importance of screening.

Required Additional Topics

Holistic Health Assessment Factors

A comprehensive health assessment should include:

Psychosocial aspects: Anxiety, coping ability, support systems
Lifestyle behaviors: Exercise, alcohol use, smoking
Cultural health beliefs: Influences screening and treatment choices
Sexual/reproductive history: Menstrual and hormonal factors affecting breast tissue
Social determinants of health: Access to care, education, income

These factors ensure patient-centered, equitable care.

Family Developmental Stages

Examples include:

Beginning family – married couple without children
Childbearing family – birth of first child
Family with preschool/school-age children – role adjustments
Family with adolescents – increased independence
Launching center – children leaving home
Family in later life – retirement, aging

These stages affect caregiving roles, preventive care, and education needs.

Family Structure, Function & Healthcare

Family structure includes nuclear, single-parent, extended, or blended households. Function relates to:

Emotional support
Role assignment
Economic stability
Health promotion behaviors

Family involvement can improve adherence to medical care and provide necessary physical and emotional support during health challenges.

November 5, 2025

Weekly Gynecology Clinical Reflection

By Academic Wizard Blog

Weekly Gynecology Clinical Reflection

Describe your clinical experience for this week.

· Did you face any challenges, any success? If so, what were they? Seeing the strategies of diagnosing and assessing in the gynecologist office.

· Describe the assessment of a patient, detailing the signs and symptoms (S&S), assessment, plan of care, and at least 3 possible differential diagnosis with rationales. Patient came in for a consult due to experiencing different in her sex drive, vaginal dryness and feeling tired all the time

· Mention the health promotion intervention for this patient.

· What did you learn from this week’s clinical experience that can beneficial for you as an advanced practice nurse? It will help me learn new techniques of diagnosing and prescribing patients with gynecological needs.

· Support your plan of care with the current peer-reviewed research guideline.

**** this has to be based on experience in a gynecologist office.

· Your initial post should be at least 500 words, formatted and cited in current APA style with support from at least 2 academic sources.

Describe your clinical experience for this week,
Did you face any challenges any success? If so what were they?,
Describe the assessment of a patient detailing the signs and symptoms (S&S) assessment plan of care and at least 3 possible differential diagnoses with rationales,
Mention the health promotion intervention for this patient,
What did you learn from this week’s clinical experience that can be beneficial for you as an advanced practice nurse?

Comprehensive Response

This week’s clinical experience in the gynecology office provided valuable insights into the diagnostic and assessment strategies used to address women’s reproductive health concerns. I had the opportunity to observe patient interactions, conduct health assessments, and understand the complex nature of hormonal and physiological changes that affect women’s quality of life. Working closely with my preceptor, I learned how detailed patient history and individualized care plans are crucial in forming accurate diagnoses and treatment strategies in gynecologic practice.

Challenges and Successes
One of the main challenges I encountered was understanding how subtle hormonal imbalances can manifest as various symptoms, such as fatigue, decreased libido, and vaginal dryness. The success, however, was observing how comprehensive assessment tools, laboratory evaluations, and open patient communication contribute to accurate diagnosis and management. By engaging with patients empathetically, we were able to gather important psychosocial and physiological information that influenced care planning. Seeing the integration of physical assessment, patient education, and hormonal evaluation was particularly rewarding, as it reflected the holistic approach required in advanced nursing practice.

November 5, 2025

Collaborative Change Management Plan

By Academic Wizard Blog

Collaborative Change Management Plan

This formative assessment allows you to practice essential components of change management, such as stakeholder engagement, conflict resolution, and team communication. You will critically think about how collaborative techniques can support successful change, recognizing diverse perspectives and fostering engagement across disciplines.

Instructions:

Develop and present a change management plan using collaborative techniques that engage stakeholders, foster communication, and address potential conflicts.

Scenario: Imagine your healthcare organization has decided to implement a new patient care technology. The change aims to improve patient outcomes and streamline care processes, but some team members are resistant due to concerns over workflow disruptions and training requirements.
Assignment Tasks:
- Identify key stakeholders affected by this change (e.g., clinical staff, IT support, administrators). Explain the role each stakeholder plays in the successful implementation of the change.
- Outline a communication plan that addresses how you will inform stakeholders of the change, address their concerns, and keep them engaged throughout the process.
- Describe potential conflicts that may arise during the change process, such as differing perspectives on the new technology or varying levels of comfort with digital tools. Propose strategies to manage and resolve these conflicts in a way that maintains a positive team environment.
- Discuss specific collaborative techniques (e.g., regular team check-ins, suggestion feedback loops, joint training sessions) you will use to foster a unified approach to the change.
  Collaborative Change Management Plan
Submission Format:
- Submit this assessment as a written outline, an infographic, or a narrated PowerPoint presentation that walks through the steps of their collaborative change plan.

Document Type/Template:

Word document PowerPoint or PDF

Identify key stakeholders affected by this change and explain the role each stakeholder plays in the successful implementation of the change,
Outline a communication plan that informs stakeholders of the change and keeps them engaged,
Describe potential conflicts during the change process and propose strategies to resolve them,
Discuss collaborative techniques to foster a unified approach to the change,
Submit as a written outline, infographic, or narrated PowerPoint

Collaborative Change Management Plan: New Patient Care Technology

1️⃣ Key Stakeholders & Roles

Stakeholder	Primary Role in Change	Reason for Engagement
Nurses & Clinical Staff	Apply technology in care delivery and document in system	Daily users; workflow directly impacted
Physicians & Providers	Ensure patient data accuracy and treatment planning	Decision-making relies on technology performance
IT Support Team	Provide technical installation, support, updates, and troubleshooting	Enables seamless technology operation
Administrators/Leadership	Allocate resources, provide policies, evaluate outcomes	Sponsor and ensure alignment with organizational goals
Patients & Families	Interact with technology through portals and updates	Provide feedback on usability and satisfaction
Training/Education Team	Deliver learning modules and skill-building sessions	Reduces anxiety, increases competency

Engaging each stakeholder supports adoption, reduces resistance, and improves patient outcomes.

2️⃣ Communication Plan

Method	Purpose	Frequency
Leadership Town Hall & Email Announcements	Introduce project, rationale, timeline	Project launch and monthly updates
Unit-based Meetings	Open discussion and Q&A	Weekly until implementation
Feedback Surveys & Suggestion Boxes	Capture ongoing concerns and solutions	Bi-weekly
Training Sessions (hands-on + virtual)	Build confidence and competence	2–3 weeks pre-launch

✅ Key Messages:

Why the change is needed → improve patient safety and workflow efficiency
What support is available → training, IT help desk, super-users on units
How concerns are addressed → feedback incorporated into phased rollout

3️⃣ Conflict Identification & Resolution Strategies

Potential Conflict	Root Cause	Resolution Strategy
Resistance to workflow change	Fear of longer tasks or unfamiliarity	Gradual rollout + peer champions + hands-on practice
Time constraints for training	Staffing shortages	Flexible scheduling + recorded training
Diverse tech skill levels	Unequal comfort	Tiered skill support and mentoring
Miscommunication between departments	Assumptions, unclear roles	Clear chain of communication + shared goals

November 5, 2025

Nursing Practice Philosophy

By Academic Wizard Blog

Nursing Practice Philosophy

explanation of your philosophy of nursing practice. Include your nursing experience and expertise. Kindly explain the underlying tenets that support your philosophy of nursing practice and your goals for expanding your experience and practice as a DNP (e.g., embracing diversity, global health issues, and collaboration). Include how these dynamics are linked to the DNP’s role as a social change agent. Include a recommendation for at least one way to advocate for positive social change as a Walden DNP. Be specific and provide examples, with all citations in APA 7 style. This work must be well supported with professional references from the course and peer-reviewed journals. Outside articles are to be published no earlier than 2019. Your main post needs to be submitted by Wednesday

Explain your philosophy of nursing practice Include your nursing experience and expertise,
Explain the underlying tenets that support your philosophy of nursing practice, Explain your goals for expanding your experience and practice as a DNP,
Explain how diversity, global health issues, and collaboration relate to your philosophy, Explain how these dynamics are linked to the DNP’s role as a social change agent
Include a recommendation for at least one way to advocate for positive social change as a Walden DNP Provide specific examples,
Support with peer-reviewed sources published 2019 or later, Cite in APA 7th edition

Comprehensive Answer

A personal philosophy of nursing practice provides a professional foundation that guides decision-making, ethical behavior, and patient care. My philosophy centers on providing holistic, patient-centered care that fosters dignity, respect, and health equity. Through my nursing experience, I have learned that providing care goes beyond treating symptoms—nurses must advocate for vulnerable populations, promote education, and support wellness across the lifespan. As a Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) student, my philosophy continues to evolve alongside evidence-based practice, policy leadership, and collaboration with interprofessional teams to improve patient outcomes.

My philosophy is grounded in three core tenets: compassion, advocacy, and evidence-based practice. Compassion builds trusting relationships with patients and families, especially in complex or emotionally challenging clinical situations. Advocacy ensures that patients’ voices are heard, particularly in underserved communities where health disparities persist. Evidence-based practice supports safe and high-quality care and reflects the DNP role as a leader in applying research into clinical settings (Trautman et al., 2020). As I progress in my advanced practice role, my goals include expanding clinical expertise, participating in quality improvement initiatives, and promoting equitable health policies that align with national and global health priorities.

Embracing diversity, addressing global health issues, and fostering interprofessional collaboration are essential to my philosophy and align closely with the DNP’s mission as a social change agent. The American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN) emphasizes the DNP role in shaping systems that eliminate disparities and promote culturally competent care (AACN, 2021). Understanding social determinants of health, supporting inclusive care models, and collaborating with professionals across disciplines strengthen the delivery of person-centered care around the world. DNP-prepared nurses are positioned to drive meaningful change through leadership in health systems, community partnerships, and translational research.

As a Walden DNP student, one way I can advocate for positive social change is by promoting community-based health education programs that address preventable chronic illnesses such as diabetes and hypertension. For example, implementing evidence-supported screenings and culturally tailored teaching in community centers can reduce disease burden and improve population health, particularly among minority groups disproportionately affected by chronic disease (Williams et al., 2019). Engaging with policymakers to support equitable health access, participating in health literacy initiatives, and serving on advisory boards are additional pathways to influence health at the system level.

In conclusion, my nursing philosophy reflects a commitment to compassion, advocacy, and scientific rigor. As I grow in my DNP role, I will continue to support initiatives that reduce health disparities, empower communities, and strengthen collaborative care. DNP-prepared nurses act as leaders who transform care delivery and advocate for equitable health systems. Through continual learning and professional engagement, I aim to contribute to a healthier, more just society while upholding the highest standards of nursing excellence.

✅ References (APA 7th Ed.)

American Association of Colleges of Nursing. (2021). The essentials: Core competencies for professional nursing education. AACN.

Trautman, D. E., Idzik, S. R., Hammersla, M., & Rosseter, R. J. (2020). Advancing scholarship through translational research: The DNP’s impact on health care. Journal of Professional Nursing, 36(2), 74–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.profnurs.2019.08.008

Williams, J. S., Walker, R. J., & Egede, L. E. (2019). Achieving equity in an evolving healthcare system: Opportunities and challenges. American Journal of the Medical Sciences, 358(1), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjms.2019.03.003

November 4, 2025

CGM & Type 2 Diabetes

By Academic Wizard Blog

CGM & Type 2 Diabetes

1. Introduce the reader to the content of this paper with an introductory paragraph.

2. Create a clinical question in PICOT format of interest to you in your APN/APRN role.

3. Provide an overview of databases applicable to your clinical question with rationale.

4. Provide four research articles with identification of methodology according to the Hierarchy of Evidence related to your chosen clinical question.

5. Discuss the findings from each article related to your chosen clinical question.

6. Finish your paper with a concluding paragraph.

7. Write a paper that is 2–3 pages length, excluding title and reference page.

Assignment Requirements:

Before finalizing your work, you should:

· be sure to read the Assignment description carefully (as displayed above);

· consult the Grading Rubric (located in Course Resources, Grading Rubrics submodule) to make sure you have included everything necessary; and

· utilize spelling and grammar checks to minimize errors.

Your writing Assignment should:

· follow the conventions of Standard English (correct grammar, punctuation, etc.);

· be well ordered, logical, and unified, as well as original and insightful;

· display superior content, organization, style, and mechanics; and

· use APA 7th edition format.

RUBRIC

PICOT question

All of the following are true: ● Relates the purpose of the assignment into an introductory paragraph of at least five sentences in length. ● Each component of the clinical question is provided in PICOT format. ● Provides rationale to APNAPRN role.

Overview of databases

All of the following are true: ● Provides at least three databases applicable to clinical question. ● Provides rationale for each database choice.

Research articles

All of the following are true: ● Provides 4 research articles. ● Each research article chosen methodology is identified.

Findings determined

● Provides a discussion to four chosen research articles ● Provides a conclusion that summarizes the main ideas conveying a sense of closure of at least five sentences in length.

College-level academic writing

● Includes no more than three grammatical, spelling, or punctuation errors that do not interfere with the readability. ● Meets the assignment length requirements. ● Provides four peer-reviewed scholarly sources

1. Introduce the reader to the content of this paper with an introductory paragraph.,
2. Create a clinical question in PICOT format of interest to you in your APN/APRN role.,
3. Provide an overview of databases applicable to your clinical question with rationale.,
4. Provide four research articles with identification of methodology according to the Hierarchy of Evidence related to your chosen clinical question.,
5. Discuss the findings from each article related to your chosen clinical question.

November 4, 2025

Thermodynamics & Climate

By Academic Wizard Blog

Thermodynamics & Climate

Imagine you’re driving along a road and you approach a bridge. You notice a sign that reads, “Bridge freezes before road.” Why do bridges become covered with ice before roads do? Research this question and respond in depth, writing a full paragraph. Be sure to include examples. At the end of your response, provide at least two authoritative sources that you used in your research.

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Thermodynamics

Thermodynamics is the branch of physics concerned with a system’s energy and work. Scientists became interested in thermodynamics back in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, with the birth of the Industrial Revolution. Use online or print resources to answer the following questions about the importance of thermodynamics. Cite at least three authoritative resources to support your responses.

Part A

You’ve learned about the laws of thermodynamics. Using examples, explain why the first and second laws are significant for living organisms.

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Part B

Heat engines were first envisioned and built during the Industrial Revolution. Explain the thermodynamics of a heat engine, commenting on its efficiency.

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Part C

Heat pumps and refrigerators are modern conveniences that came from the study of thermodynamics. In a paragraph, explain how they work.

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Global Warming

Scientists are actively studying what amount of the greenhouse gases present in the atmosphere is a result of human activity. Research greenhouse gases and global warming to answer the questions below. Document at least three authoritative sources.

Part A

What evidence is there that the use of fossil fuels, which produce carbon dioxide, is causing climate change?

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Part B

Describe how computer climate models help scientists understand possible future climate changes. How reliable are these computer models in making predictions about global warming? Discuss any limitations in these models.

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Part C

What can you do? Read up on the issue and discover ways you can reduce the human “carbon footprint” on the planet. Include four examples of what can be done in homes and in the community. Cite your sources.

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Part D

Many people believe that if the human race continues to use energy as we are now, without change, we’ll witness a significant worldwide environmental impact in this century. Research this topic and discuss this possibility. Include concrete examples of specific environmental consequences of global warming.

• Why do bridges become covered with ice before roads do?, Using examples, explain why the first and second laws are significant for living organisms., Explain the thermodynamics of a heat engine, commenting on its efficiency., Explain how heat pumps and refrigerators work., What evidence is there that the use of fossil fuels, which produce carbon dioxide, is causing climate change?

November 4, 2025

Mirrors & Light Physics

By Academic Wizard Blog

Mirrors & Light Physics

Discussion – Discuss your experience when standing in front of different types of mirrors in a fun house or even in a clothing store. Why do you look taller or shorter, narrower or wider, or distorted in other ways in these mirrors? Maybe you’ve even seen more than one of yourself in a set of mirrors. Describe your experience. Are these trick mirrors or applications of physics? Explain your answer.

Light Spectrum and Efficiency

You may have already used the Blackbody Spectrum simulation to see how the temperature of a substance affects how light is emitted. Many of the light sources you’re familiar with are incandescent light sources. They glow because they have a nonzero temperature. The hotter the source, the more radiant energy it gives off. Now, let’s explore a few different incandescent energy sources and investigate their lighting efficiency. In this simulation, the curve represents the radiation intensity and energy emitted with respect to the wavelength at a given temperature.

To begin, launch the Blackbody Spectrum https://contentstore.ple.platoweb.com/content/sharedmedia/Phet_Sims_upd/blackbody-spectrum/blackbody-spectrum_en.html

Several different incandescent radiation sources are listed in the table below, along with their respective temperatures. Sunlight is provided as a baseline measurement at the top of the table. You will determine the peak intensity for each source with respect to its visible color spectrum. You also estimate the amount of emitted energy that falls in the visible light spectrum.

To do so

drag the slider to reach the temperature listed in the first column of the table. You can also type in the temperature value in the text box above the temperature slider.
use the buttons to zoom in or out on either the vertical or horizontal axis to easily observe the curve (and the peak). The peak should be as high as possible, while still being visible on screen. You should extend the scale far enough to the right to see the curve reach very close to zero emission on the right.
estimate the percentage of emitted energy that appears to fall within the visible spectrum and enter that value in the table. You can do this by estimating the area under the energy curve in the visible region as compared to the total area under the curve.

Incandescent Light Sources Temperature(K) Color at the Peak of the Curve Energy in

Visible Spectrum

sunlight 5800

photoflood 3400

100-watt incandescent 2870

40-watt incandescent 2500

candle flame 1900

electric stovetop coil 800

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Part B

From the readings above, what can you say about the lighting efficiency of the various incandescent radiation sources? Which are the most efficient in emitting visible light?

Support your answer with suitable reasoning.

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Part C

Compact fluorescent (CFL) bulbs provide about four times as much visible light for a given amount of energy use. For example, a 14-watt CFL bulb provides about the same amount of visible light as a 60-watt incandescent bulb. LED lights are even more efficient at turning electrical energy into visible light. Does that mean they are both a lot hotter? Go online and research how fluorescent and compact fluorescent bulbs work. Describe how their operations and their spectra differ from those of incandescent light bulbs. Be sure to record your research sources.

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Refraction and Refractive Index

Question 1

In this activity, you will use the video measurement and analysis tool, Tracker, to observe how light is refracted when it travels between air and Acrylite, a transparent plastic material. You will also make observations and quantitative readings about the angle of incidence and angle of refraction to find the refractive index of Acrylite.

To begin your activity, open the Tracker experiment Acrylite to Air contentstore.ple.platoweb.com/content/sharedmedia/Tracker/applications/acrylite-to-air/acrylite-to-air.html .

Click play to watch the video. The other video controls allow you to rewind the video or step forward or backward one frame at a time.

Observe the video to proceed with the activity, in which you will collect data to calculate the refractive index of acrylite.

Part A

Describe your observations of light traveling from Acrylite into air in the video. Then, compare the relative refractive properties of Acrylite and air. Provide a rationale for any conclusions you may come to.

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Part B

Do you notice any peculiarity in the way the light ray behaves at large angles? Explain this behavior, based on your knowledge of refraction.

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Part C

Now, grab Tracker’s protractor tool (the green angle in the video frame) and measure the angle of incidence and the angle of refraction for the frame numbers specified in the table below. Hints:

To advance the video a frame at a time, use the step buttons on the right.
Position the vertex of the protractor exactly at the origin of the coordinate axis.
Move the arms of the protractor so that one arm is on the vertical axis (above or below, as appropriate) and the other on the light ray.

Frame Number Angle of Incidence (θi) in Degrees Angle of Refraction (θr) in Degrees 8

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Part D

The light ray is traveling from Acrylite into air. The refractive index for air is 1.00. If the angle of incidence and the angle of refraction are known, how could you determine the refractive index of Acrylite?

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Part E

Using the angles of incidence and angles of refraction obtained in question 4, complete the rest of the table below, entering sine values and calculating the refractive index of acrylite for each angle measured. Finally, average these values and enter your calculated average value for the refractive index of acrylite in the space below.

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Part F

Conduct online research to find the refractive index of Acrylite, the material used in the Tracker experiment. (Acrylite is also known as Acrylite glass, or PMMA.) Does the average refractive index you calculated match the accepted refractive index for Acrylite?

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Question 2

Now, open the second Tracker experiment, Air to Acrylite contentstore.ple.platoweb.com/content/sharedmedia/Tracker/applications/air-to-acrylite/air-to-acrylite.html .

Click play to watch the video. The other video controls allow you to rewind the video or step forward or backward one frame at a time.

Observe the video to proceed with the activity. In this activity too, you will collect data to calculate the refractive index of acrylite.

Part A

What do you see in this video? Do these observations support your previous findings regarding refractive properties of Acrylite as compared to air? Provide a rationale for your answer.

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Part B

Now, follow the same procedure you did in the earlier Tracker experiment. Find the angle of incidence and the angle of refraction for the frame numbers specified in the table below. Then, calculate the refractive index for Acrylite for this new data. Make a calculation for each measurement in the table. Finally, enter the average of these values in the space below the table.

Frame Number Angle of Incidence (θi) in Degrees Angle of Refraction (θr) in Degrees

Sine θi Sine θr Refractive Index

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Part C

After researching the actual refractive index of Acrylite on the Web, did you find that it matches your calculations?

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Applications of Convex and Concave Lens

In this activity, you will revisit the two videos about how light is refracted when incident on a lens. First, open the convex lens video. Observe how the light rays parallel to the principal axis behave when they hit the convex lens at different points. You can replay the video any time during this activity.

Then, watch the second concave lens video. Observe how the light rays parallel to the principal axis behave when they hit the lens at different points. You can replay the video any time during this activity.

livephoto.sciencetutorials.net//LPVideos/refl-refr/concave_lens.mp4

Part A

Describe what happens to the incoming parallel rays for the two lenses. Compare and contrast the results.

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Part B

Below is a list of some applications of lenses. Determine which lens could be used in each and explain why it would work. You can conduct online research to help you in this activity, if you wish.

Applications Lens Used Reason

peephole in a door

objective lens (front lens) of binoculars

photodiode – In a garage door or burglar alarm, it can sense the light (or the lack of it) from an LED light source positioned some distance away.

magnifying glass

viewfinder of a simple camera

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Part C

A human eye is a convex lens. In normal eyesight, the image of an object in front of our eyes is formed exactly on the retina and is inverted. In farsighted and nearsighted eyesight, where is the image formed? Which lens can be use as a corrective measure in each case? You may use online or other resources to help you answer this question. Be sure to record your research sources in the References section near the end of this document.

• Discuss your experience when standing in front of different types of mirrors in a fun house or even in a clothing store., Describe your experience. Are these trick mirrors or applications of physics? Explain your answer.,
• From the readings above what can you say about the lighting efficiency of the various incandescent radiation sources? Which are the most efficient in emitting visible light?,
• Does that mean they are both a lot hotter? Describe how their operations and their spectra differ from those of incandescent light bulbs.,
• Describe your observations of light traveling from Acrylite into air in the video. Then compare the relative refractive properties of Acrylite and air.,
• Do you notice any peculiarity in the way the light ray behaves at large angles? Explain this behavior based on your knowledge of refraction.,
• If the angle of incidence and the angle of refraction are known how could you determine the refractive index of Acrylite?,
• What do you see in this video? Do these observations support your previous findings regarding refractive properties of Acrylite as compared to air? Provide a rationale for your answer.,
• Describe what happens to the incoming parallel rays for the two lenses. Compare and contrast the results.,
• Determine which lens could be used in each application and explain why it would work.,
• In farsighted and nearsighted eyesight, where is the image formed? Which lens can be used as a corrective measure in each case?

November 4, 2025

Electromagnetic Biology & Fields

By Academic Wizard Blog

Electromagnetic Biology & Fields

– discussion- An enormous amount of electricity is created at power-generating stations and sent across the country through wires that carry high voltages. Appliances, power lines, airport and military radars, substations, transformers, computers, and other equipment that carries or uses electricity all generate electromagnetic fields.

Many questions have been raised about how electromagnetic fields affect our bodies. Do they pose a public health risk? Perform an Internet search to find information about the effects of electromagnetic fields on public health. Then, discuss the pros and cons of using equipment that produces an electromagnetic field.

Here is one authoritative source to get you started: electromagnetic fields and public health.

Double Helix Structure of DNA
This task connects the physics of electrostatics with molecular biology. Molecular biology is the study of the structure and function of the cell at the molecular level. DNA’s double helix structure consists of two strands held together by electrostatic forces. Do online research on electrostatics and molecular biology, and then answer the following questions. Here are two sources to start with:

DNA Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) Fact Sheet
the structure and function of DNA The Structure and Function of DNA – Molecular Biology of the Cell – NCBI Bookshelf
Part A
What is DNA and what is its role in life? List DNA’s four nucleotide bases.

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Part B
Explain DNA’s structure, specifically noting the role electric fields and forces play in it.

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Electric Field of Dreams
In this activity, you will explore the relationship between the strength and direction of the electric field lines to the type of charge on a particle and its magnitude. You will also explore the interactions between two or more charged particles and observe their movement. To begin your activity, open the simulation: Electric Field of Dreams. ‪‪Electric field of dreams‬ 1.0.0-dev.10‬

Directions:
At any time you may

click the Reset All button to reset all the settings;
click the Play/Pause button to pause or resume the motion; or
pause the motion and then click the Step button to observe the motion step-by-step.
Part A
To begin, click the Add button to add one object to the system. Observe the electric field around this charged object. You may move the object around the field by dragging it with your cursor. While the arrows indicate the direction of the electric field around the charge, the length of the arrows indicates the field strength. Based on your observations of the field, what is the charge on this object? Give your reasoning.

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Part B
Set the charged object in motion by dragging it and releasing it. What do you observe about the behavior of the field lines in the vicinity of the object?

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Part C
Add another charged object to the electric field by clicking the Add button again. What is the charge of this new object? Give your reasoning. What do you observe about the behavior of both the objects as well as the field lines in the vicinity of both the objects?

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Part D
Click the Remove button to remove one of these objects, and then click the Properties button to set properties for the next object you will add. Just change the sign of the charge to (+), then click Done. Click Add to add this new object to the field. Now what do you observe about the behavior of the two objects and the field lines that surround them?

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Part E
With the two oppositely-charged objects still in the field, apply an external field to the system: In the External Field box, simply drag the dot until it becomes an electric field vector in some direction. Observe, describe, and explain the behavior of the two objects.

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Electric Field Hockey ‪‪Electric field hockey‬ 1.0.0-dev.10‬
In this activity, you will again explore the relationship between an electric field and charged particles in the field, but this time you’ll have a gaming challenge. To begin, open Electric Field Hockey.

Directions:
On the control bar, make sure that the Puck is Positive and the Field boxes are checked. Also, make sure that the Practice option is selected.

Your aim is to score goals by manipulating the black puck (test charge) into the blue-colored bracket (goal) on the right. Think smart and place positive source charges (red) and negative source charges (blue) in such a way that the black puck moves into the goal.

Note that when you place a red, positive source charge in the hockey field, a red arrow appears on the black puck (test charge) showing the force the positive charge exerts on the puck. Similarly, when you place a blue, negative source charge in the hockey field, a blue arrow appears on the black puck (test charge) showing the force the negative charge exerts on the puck.

Part A
Place a red charge in the hockey field and click Start. In which direction do electric field lines point? In which direction does the black puck move? What conclusion do you draw from this movement?

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Part B
Click Reset and then click Clear. Now, place a blue charge in the hockey field and click Start. In which direction do electric field lines point? In which direction does the black puck move? What conclusion do you draw from this movement?

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Part C
Manipulate the mass of the puck by dragging the Mass bar to the right for increasing the mass and to the left for decreasing it. What changes do you see in the speed of the puck? Which principle works behind this change?

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Part D
In the same situation, what do you observe about the relationship between the speed of the black puck and its distance from the blue charge?

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Part E
You can make the puck travel in complex ways by placing a set of charges around on the field. So, here’s your game challenge: Arrange source charges around to propel the puck from its starting position into the goal. That’s pretty easy for a straight shot; you just put a negative charge behind the goal. But what if there are barriers in the way? That’s a real test of your physics understanding, including Newton’s laws of motion and electrostatic forces. Game’s on!

On the control bar, check the Trace, Field, and Anti-alias boxes. The game has three Difficulty levels. Start with Difficulty level one and arrange source charges to get the puck into the goal. Once you’ve made a score at any level, increase the Difficulty level. Take a screen capture of two of your most difficult goals and paste them here. At least one of these should be at Difficulty level 2 or 3.

(Note: On a Windows computer, you can use the key combination Alt-Print Screen to copy the currently-active window to your clipboard. When you capture an image of this simulation window, paste the image into an image-processing program such as Paint, and save the image as a file. Then use the Insert Image button to insert the file into the response area.)

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• Do they pose a public health risk? Perform an Internet search to find information about the effects of electromagnetic fields on public health. Then discuss the pros and cons of using equipment that produces an electromagnetic field.,

• Part A What is DNA and what is its role in life? List DNA’s four nucleotide bases., Part B Explain DNA’s structure, specifically noting the role electric fields and forces play in it.,

• Part A Based on your observations of the field what is the charge on this object? Give your reasoning., Part B What do you observe about the behavior of the field lines in the vicinity of the object?, Part C What is the charge of this new object? Give your reasoning. What do you observe about the behavior of both the objects as well as the field lines in the vicinity of both the objects?, Part D Now what do you observe about the behavior of the two objects and the field lines that surround them?, Part E Observe, describe, and explain the behavior of the two objects.,

• Part A In which direction do electric field lines point? In which direction does the black puck move? What conclusion do you draw from this movement?, Part B What conclusion do you draw from the movement?, Part C What changes do you see in the speed of the puck? Which principle works behind this change?, Part D What do you observe about the relationship between the speed of the black puck and its distance from the blue charge?, Part E Arrange source charges around to propel the puck from its starting position into the goal. Paste screenshots.

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✅ References (APA 7th Ed.)

Part A

Part B

Part C

Global Warming

Part A

Part B

Part C

Part D

Light Spectrum and Efficiency

Part B

Part C

Refraction and Refractive Index

Question 1

Part A

Part B

Part C

Part D

Part E

Part F

Question 2

Part A

Part B

Part C

Applications of Convex and Concave Lens

Part A

Part B

Part C

Electromagnetic Biology & Fields