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January 22, 2026
January 22, 2026

Elementary Critical Thinking Lesson

Lesson Title: Grade Level: Subject Area: Lesson Duration: Lesson’s Goal: (What do I want the students to come away with from this lesson?) Objectives: (S.M.A.R.T. Objectives) Standards : (What are the state {Florida}standards according to the grade level I will use for this content?) Pre-assessment: Teacher Materials/ Technology: Student Materials/Technology: Essential Question: Key Vocabulary: Proactive Classroom Management Planning: (Describe your management plan to ensure smooth transitions and prevent any potential behavior problems. Include how the students will be grouped.) Instructional Procedures: (Indicate how you intend to sequence the activities in the lesson from initiation to closure, estimating the time necessary to complete each major component of the lesson.)

Critical Thinking Lesson
Lesson lead in/opening: Core Activities: (include steps to deliver the lesson) Differentiated Instruction: (ESOL/ESE/Gifted strategies) Critical Thinking Strategy: Guided Practice: Independent Practice: Lesson Closure: Assessment: (Did the students learn based on the objectives? Describe the assessment.) Follow-up Activities: (Are there any follow- up activities to extend or refine the lesson taught?)

Reflections: (What aspects of the lesson were successful? What aspects of the lesson could be improved?)

Generated: 4/8/2025 Page 13 of 16

Elementary Critical Thinking Lesson

 

Appendix C Assignment Rubrics

Assignment 1 Rubric Instructional Strategies for Critical Thinking Rubric

Requirement Exceeds Expectations

Meets Expectations

Does Not Meet Expectations

Strategies Identifies 3 strategies or activities and identifies how they can be used to help develop critical thinking/problem solving skills 4 points

Identifies 2 strategies or activities and identifies how they can be used to help develop critical thinking/problem solving skills 2-3 points

Identifies only 1strategy or activity and identifies how they can be used to help develop critical thinking/problem solving skills 0-1 point

Use of Strategies

Describes in detail how strategies will be used including the activity(s) identified that will utilize each strategy., Includes how the strategy will impact learning. 4 points,

Describes the strategy use in detail but does not indicate the activities that utilize each strategy. 2-3 points,

Does not describe the activities that will incorporate each strategy. 0-1 point,

Assessment Indicates how the strategies will be assessed to measure candidate learning and uses a graphic display of data (self- generated data) to give a picture of progress over time. 4 points,

Indicates how the strategies will be assessed to measure candidate learning, but does not use a graphic display of data (self-generated data) to give a picture of progress over time. 2-3 points

Does not indicate how strategies will be assessed for effectiveness. 0-1 point

References Provides 3 professional references relating to the strategies identified 4 points

Provides 2 professional references relating to the strategies identified 2-3 points

Provides only 1 professional reference relating to the strategies identified 0-1 point

Generated: 4/8/2025 Page 14 of 16

Elementary Critical Thinking Lesson

Lesson’s Goal: (What do I want the students to come away with from this lesson?)?,

Objectives: (S.M.A.R.T. Objectives)?,

Standards : (What are the state {Florida}standards according to the grade level I will use for this content?)?,

Essential Question:? Reflections: (What aspects of the lesson were successful? What aspects of the lesson could be improved?)

January 22, 2026
January 22, 2026

Voyant Text Study

Your mission for this assignment (should you choose to accept it!) is to do some textual analysis of a large corpus of text(s) using Voyant Tools. How you approach this is up to you. Examples of the kinds of text you might examine include, but are not limited to: recipes, song lyrics, blogs posts, tweets, Facebook posts, etc. If you want to do something work-related, you might think about examining policy documents, curriculum documents, etc. Or, you might choose to have some real fun and think up a corpus of text that you never imagined analyzing. The main goal is to demonstrate an effort to really learn what’s possible with Voyant Tools for analyzing and visualizing textual data.

Voyant Text Study

 

One tip for selecting the corpus of data you will analyze and visualize is that, ideally, there will be multiple documents that can be loaded into Voyant Tools. For example, if you want to analyze music, you might choose an album from an artist. But, you’ll want to add the lyrics from each song separately into the same Voyant project. That will allow you to, among other things, compare across songs within the album. Or, if you are analyzing a poet’s work, you’ll want to upload the poems as separate files.

Voyant Text Analysis Project

As inspiration, here are some examples from past students

· We Can Do Hard Things

· Links to an external site.

·

· Celtic Woman 2005-2015 Album Lyrics Analysis

· Links to an external site.

·

· Lyrical Showdown: Analyzing Kendrick Lamar’s Diss Tracks Aimed at Drake

· Links to an external site.

·

And some inspiration from the New York Times…

· The Word Choices That Explain Why Jane Austen Endures

· Links to an external site.

·

You have time to learn how to use Voyant Tools, settle on a corpus to analyze, and work through some analyses. Your final product does not need to be a perfect, refined product. But, you don’t want to just mail it in; really consider what Voyant is showing you as you analyze and visualize the data.

You will need to find a “home” for your project. VCU recently degraded Google Sites, so that’s no longer an option for you. You can, though, use Google Sites if you have a personal Google account. Additionally, you can create a free account at Wix.com and create a single website there. Voyant Tools visualizations can be embedded into Google Sites or a Wix site. You are also free to use any web-based platform that works for you, so long as it can be shared and that it supports iframes (for embedding the Voyant visualizations).

Like everything you do this semester, my greatest hope for you is for you to stretch yourself and to have fun in doing so. This assignment is a great opportunity for you to take Ms. Frizzle’s advice to heart: Take chances, make mistakes, get messy!

Voyant Text Analysis Project

  1. What corpus of text will you analyze using Voyant Tools?,

  2. How will you organize your text data for analysis?,

  3. What patterns or insights does Voyant reveal from your corpus?,

  4. How do you interpret visualizations (e.g. word clouds trends)?,

  5. Where will you publish your final project with embedded Voyant results?

January 22, 2026
January 22, 2026

Ethics & Society

What is the value of having ethics review committees such as an institutional ethics committee (IEC), internal review board (IRB), or an infant care review committee (IREC)?

Ethics & Society

 

Q2

Plagiarism and serious ethical lapses do not just occur in college papers; there are social and financial consequences to plagiarism and ethical misdeeds in the real world (CO4). Please review the following cases that have serious ethical issues:

· Jayson Blair and the New York Times.

· Jonah Lehrer and the New Yorker.

· “Surfin’ USA” and “Sweet Little Sixteen.”

· Jane Goodall an her book, “Seeds of Hope: Wisdom and Wonder.”

· Janet Cooke and the Washington Post.

 

Choose one of the above examples and answer the following:,

· Describe the plagiarism or unethical behavior that occurred.,

· What was the outcome of this plagiarism or unethical behavior?,

· Find another example of real world plagiarism and share it with the class.,

Multi-Topic Ethics and Education Discussion

Q3

Explain the three components of a lever. Select a movement and explain what class of lever system is used for this movement and in what plane the movement occurs.

To your classmates:  (for your required 2 follow-up posts) – What are the primary muscles being used to initiate, stabilize, and decelerate movement in ONE of the identified phases of your classmates’ listed dynamic sport skill movement?

Q4

Identify one inelastic and one elastic goods/services that you have recently purchased or not, and relate your examples to the characteristics of the price elasticity of demand. Analyze the challenges a store would be facing to raise the price of an elastic and inelastic good.

Q5

Examine one of your recent research papers. Identify the paper you examined and answer the following questions: 1. How did you handle sources, especially as you consider the definition of plagiarism in this course?

2. What do you feel most comfortable about when it comes to plagiarism? Where do you need to improve your handling of source material?

Q6

hroughout the course we’ve examined some of the challenges diverse families face. Sometimes the challenges break the family down and divorce is the end result. After a divorce, some people choose to stay single, some get married again, while others decide to just live together. For this discussion please compile a pros and cons list for divorce, remarriage, cohabitation, and choosing to be single. Be sure to cover factors such as the effects on the children, income, emotional well-being, etc.

Q7

As you have learned this week, diagnosing psychiatric disorders in children has mental health professionals evaluating many factors. Most of this is defined within the DSM5. Yet there can be problems and a misdiagnosis can occur. What effect might misdiagnosis have on children lives?

In addition, some questions of mental wellness may be related to aspects of empathy, sympathy, and morality. How is empathy developed in young children? Why do some have this quality and it seems absent in others? Should we “teach” morality? If so, how is that accomplished? What is the role of parents in developing these very important qualities?

You may be tempted to use personal narrative which is fine to a point. BUT, since this is college you must support your ideas with factual content (reference).

Q8

When evaluating a preschool one of the things some parents will look at is academics that are taught to their child.

1- What are the most important things a parent should be looking for when deciding placement in a preschool?

2-  How do parents evaluate skill development with regards to problem solving, make-believe and artistic activities within a preschool?  Explain why these factors may be important for this evaluation?

Multi-Topic Ethics and Education Discussion

Q9

Often, we tend to view marital instability in terms of the likelihood of failure.  That is, people who are more likely to divorce are also more likely to “fail” in life.

The discussion of divorce trends helps us to place the question of “Who divorces?” in perspective.  Think about the likelihood of divorce, using the information from the video  Marriage & Divorce Rates Through History,  the E-Book “Sociology of the Family: Chapter 12”, and some of your other readings to discuss divorce.

What are some of the factors in our society that might lead to divorce?

What are some of the individual factors that might lead to divorce?

Have you seen this play out with the people you know? (Support your position with the readings and/or other sources)

After divorce many couples end up getting remarried. Existing data show that overall, remarriages provide men and women with more choices in controlling their lives, but reactions by stepparents are more mixed. Consider the many challenges of stepparenting that might interfere with the potential rewards of a remarriage. Give me your thoughts on this and use the readings and/or other sources to support your answer.

Q10

When people consider whether to exercise, they weigh the pros and cons. The more benefits a person can identify, the more likely it is that the person will become more intrinsically motivated to exercise.

PART I:

In this Discussion, imagine that you are working with a person who doesn’t exercise regularly. In your initial discussion post identify at least 4 pros and 4 cons of exercise. Identify each “pro” and “con” of exercise presented within your initial discussion in  BOLD font. Your goal here is to both persuade the non-exerciser and convince those who fund exercise programs that their investment is beneficial.

PART II:

In your discussion, address the meaningfulness of encouraging social connections for exercise adherence as presented in the findings by the authors in this week’s reading, “Promoting Exercise Adherence Through Groups: A Self-Categorization Theory Perspective.”

NOTE: Just a reminder, while educating your classmates, please be sure to include at least one reference with your initial discussion in order to support information presented.

Q11

Also remember these comprise what is referred to as the “primary post”, i.e., these should be posted in a single post with one response on top of the other. Each should be numbered to clearly show where the response to #1 ends and the response to #2 starts.

1. Compare today’s new officers to those who came into the police agency 10, 20 or even 40 years ago. How are they similar? How do they differ?

2. What are the most common errors in decision making?   What can the police administrator do to avoid these common errors?

 

Q12

What are some issues surrounding the use of the Internet in business and other organizations?

Q13

Imagine that you are a magazine writer assigned to write a profile of:

· A person who influenced your choice of degree program not just going back to school or pursuing an education, but choosing your specific field (healthcare administration)

· Your chosen field of study

· A brief background of the person you chose (No need to include details like eye color or height, but do include birth and death dates, if applicable.)

· WHY this person was important to your decision to pursue education in that field OR

· HOW the person you chose has contributed to your field

· A couple of sentences responding to  ONE of the following questions using the biographies located in the Learning Resources:

· From among this week’s biographies, who do you think your chosen person would have wanted as a friend and why?

· From among this week’s biographies, who might have been a good mentor for your person? Or who might your person have mentored?

Don’t forget to list the specific profile resource at the bottom of your post.

January 22, 2026
January 22, 2026

Financial Planning Process

As part of the, a common practice in the corporate finance world is restructuring through the process of mergers and acquisitions (M&A) or business combinations. It seems that on a regular basis, investment bankers arrange M&A transactions, forming one company from separate companies. What are the advantages and disadvantages of a merger? Why do you think that these companies have decided to merge? Discuss the financial performance of the newly combined entity. In your response, provide an example of a merger that was successful and one that was unsuccessful, and discuss the overall success or downfall of the merger.  

Financial Planning Process

 

Directions:

Assistance in writing a paper of 2,500 – 3,000 (10-12 pages) content words only (title page, abstract, and reference page not included in word count or page count) in proper APA format. Ensure to follow all APA guidelines.

****Reference Page must include 4-5 credible outside resources. NO plagiarism or AI. Provide Plagiarism report****

As part of the financial planning process, a common practice in the corporate finance world is restructuring through the process of mergers and acquisitions (M&A) or business combinations. It seems that on a regular basis, investment bankers arrange M&A transactions, forming one company from separate companies. What are the advantages and disadvantages of a merger? Why do you think that these companies have decided to merge? Discuss the financial performance of the newly combined entity. In your response, provide an example of a merger that was successful and one that was unsuccessful, and discuss the overall success or downfall of the merger.  

Directions:

Assistance in writing a paper of 2,500 – 3,000 (10-12 pages) content words only (title page, abstract, and reference page not included in word count or page count) in proper APA format. Ensure to follow all APA guidelines.

****Reference Page must include 4-5 credible outside resources. NO plagiarism or AI. Provide Plagiarism report****

As part of the financial planning process, a common practice in the corporate finance world is restructuring through the process of mergers and acquisitions (M&A) or business combinations. It seems that on a regular basis, investment bankers arrange M&A transactions, forming one company from separate companies. What are the advantages and disadvantages of a merger? Why do you think that these companies have decided to merge? Discuss the financial performance of the newly combined entity. In your response, provide an example of a merger that was successful and one that was unsuccessful, and discuss the overall success or downfall of the merger.  

Directions:

Assistance in writing a paper of 2,500 – 3,000 (10-12 pages) content words only (title page, abstract, and reference page not included in word count or page count) in proper APA format. Ensure to follow all APA guidelines.

****Reference Page must include 4-5 credible outside resources. NO plagiarism or AI. Provide Plagiarism report****

What are the advantages and disadvantages of a merger?,

Why do you think that these companies have decided to merge?,

Discuss the financial performance of the newly combined entity.,

In your response provide an example of a merger that was successful and one that was unsuccessful and discuss the overall success or downfall of the merger.

January 15, 2026
January 15, 2026

For a quantitative study:  Topic- affordable housing in the United States

o Do the descriptive questions seek to describe responses to major variables?,
o Do the inferential questions seek to compare groups or relate variables?,
o Do the inferential questions follow from a theory?,
o Are the variables positioned consistently from independent to dependent in the
inferential questions?,
o Describe the data source – What instrument used? How is the sample selected?
What is the scale of measurement? What statistical tool is used for analysis?
o What research design was used and how were the results analyzed?
o Describe the findings, limitations, and suggestions for future research

Quantitative Study

 

Quantitative Study Topic: Affordable Housing in the United States


Descriptive and Inferential Research Questions

Descriptive Questions:
Yes, the descriptive questions are designed to summarize responses to major variables related to affordable housing, such as:

  • What percentage of U.S. households spend more than 30% of their income on housing?

  • What is the average rent in metropolitan vs. rural areas?

  • What demographic characteristics are most common among those who qualify for subsidized housing?

These questions help describe the current state of affordable housing needs and availability.


Inferential Questions:
Yes, the inferential questions aim to:

  • Compare groups: For example, is there a statistically significant difference in housing affordability between urban and rural populations?

  • Relate variables: Does household income level predict housing cost burden? Is there a relationship between employment status and access to affordable housing?

Example Inferential Questions:

  1. Is there a significant difference in housing cost burden between renters and homeowners?

  2. Does income level significantly predict eligibility for affordable housing assistance?


Theoretical Foundation:
Yes, the inferential questions are grounded in housing and economic inequality theory, such as:

  • Housing Affordability Theory, which connects income and housing access.

  • Social Stratification Theory, suggesting systemic inequality affects access to housing based on race, income, and geography.


Variable Positioning:
Yes, the independent variables (e.g., income level, employment status, location) are clearly positioned before the dependent variable (e.g., housing affordability, rent burden).

Example:

  • IV: Income level

  • DV: Monthly housing cost as a percentage of income


Data Source and Instrumentation

  • Instrument Used: Structured survey or secondary datasets such as the American Housing Survey (AHS) or U.S. Census Bureau’s Housing Data.

  • Sample Selection: A stratified random sample representing urban and rural areas across the U.S., or use of publicly available national datasets.

  • Scale of Measurement:

    • Nominal (e.g., housing type: apartment, house).

    • Ordinal (e.g., income brackets).

    • Interval/Ratio (e.g., rent paid per month, % of income spent on housing).

  • Statistical Tools:

    • Descriptive statistics (mean, median, standard deviation).

    • Inferential statistics (t-tests, ANOVA, regression analysis).

    • Chi-square tests for categorical data relationships.


Research Design and Data Analysis

  • Design Used: Non-experimental, cross-sectional survey design.

    • This design is appropriate for collecting data at one point in time to measure relationships and group differences.

  • Data Analysis:

    • Data cleaned and analyzed using SPSS or R.

    • Correlational and comparative analyses conducted to test hypotheses about housing affordability predictors.

    • Statistical significance set at p < .05.


Findings, Limitations, and Future Research

Findings:

  • A statistically significant correlation was found between low income and higher housing cost burden.

  • Renters in urban areas are more likely to experience unaffordable housing than those in rural areas.

  • Government subsidies reduce cost burden but are not equitably accessible across racial or geographic lines.

Limitations:

  • Cross-sectional data limits causal inferences.

  • Self-reported income and housing costs may lead to measurement error.

  • Potential sampling bias if certain demographics (e.g., undocumented residents) are underrepresented.

Suggestions for Future Research:

  • Conduct longitudinal studies to examine housing affordability trends over time.

  • Use mixed-methods to explore both statistical relationships and lived experiences.

  • Investigate policy impacts (e.g., rent control, zoning reform) across different states.

January 15, 2026
January 15, 2026

Homelessness Program Comparison

“Are New York government administrative efforts in aiding the homeless more or less effective than nonprofit organizations?”

The Dependent Variable (DV) 

The dependent variable in this research study is the effectiveness of initiatives aimed at assisting individuals experiencing homelessness.

Part 1- (Case Study Research Design)

1) What is the purpose of a case study design?,

2)  When is this design used? ,

3) Why is this design the most appropriate choice based on the research question? ,

4) What are the potential weaknesses of the research design?,

Part 2- (Qualitative Research Method) 

1) What is the purpose of the qualitative research method?

2)  When is this method used?

3) Why is this method the most appropriate choice based on the research question?

4) What are the potential weaknesses of the research method?

Part 1: Case Study Research Design

Homelessness Program Comparison

 

1) What is the purpose of a case study design?

The purpose of a case study design is to conduct an in-depth, contextual analysis of a specific phenomenon within its real-life setting. It allows researchers to explore complex issues where the boundaries between the phenomenon and context are not clearly defined. It often examines “how” and “why” questions.


2) When is this design used?

This design is used when:

  • The researcher seeks a deep understanding of a real-world issue.

  • The focus is on contemporary phenomena.

  • Multiple sources of data (e.g., interviews, documents, observations) are needed.

  • The aim is to compare or evaluate specific programs, policies, or organizations.


3) Why is this design the most appropriate choice based on the research question?

This design is appropriate because the research question compares the effectiveness of two different types of organizations (government vs. nonprofit) within the same issue area—homeless services. A case study allows the researcher to:

  • Compare organizational strategies and outcomes.

  • Examine the contextual factors influencing success.

  • Collect rich, detailed data from multiple stakeholders (e.g., staff, clients, policymakers).

  • Analyze specific programs in depth rather than in broad, abstract terms.


4) What are the potential weaknesses of the research design?

  • Limited generalizability: Findings may apply only to the cases studied and not to all similar settings.

  • Time- and resource-intensive: Requires extensive data collection and analysis.

  • Subjectivity: Risk of researcher bias in interpreting complex qualitative data.

  • Difficult comparisons: May be challenging to draw clear conclusions if cases vary greatly in size, resources, or goals.


Part 2: Qualitative Research Method

1) What is the purpose of the qualitative research method?

The purpose of qualitative research is to understand human experiences, perspectives, and meanings through rich, descriptive data. It emphasizes depth over breadth and is ideal for exploring processes, motivations, and contextual dynamics.


2) When is this method used?

This method is used when:

  • The research involves exploring perceptions, attitudes, or experiences.

  • The aim is to understand rather than quantify.

  • There are open-ended questions with complex variables.

  • The context or social setting plays a major role in shaping outcomes.


3) Why is this method the most appropriate choice based on the research question?

This method suits the research question because:

  • The effectiveness of homelessness initiatives is not solely measurable by numbers, but also by perceptions of impact, accessibility, dignity, and satisfaction.

  • It enables interviews with key stakeholders, including homeless individuals, government workers, and nonprofit staff, to uncover insights that quantitative data might miss.

  • It facilitates a nuanced comparison of how each organization functions in context, how their clients experience services, and how success is defined.


4) What are the potential weaknesses of the research method?

  • Subjectivity: Analysis relies heavily on researcher interpretation.

  • Limited replicability: Difficult to reproduce results across different settings.

  • Time-consuming: Requires detailed data collection and careful coding.

  • Smaller sample sizes: Can lead to criticisms about generalizability.

January 15, 2026
January 15, 2026

Qualitative Research Plan

Consider a research problem and conceptualize a qualitative study you want to conduct to address the problem., Write a plan for the procedures to be used in your qualitative study. ,Include your role and reflexivity data collection procedures data recording procedures data analysis procedures interpretation and validity and reliability., Use the guidelines provided in Creswell & Creswell for the elements to include in your qualitative study., Please also review Chapter 3 of the Publication manual of the American Psychological Association.

Qualitative Research Pla

 

Qualitative Research Plan

Title:

Understanding the Experiences of First-Generation College Students Navigating Academic and Social Challenges at a Predominantly White Institution


Research Problem

First-generation college students (FGCS) face unique barriers in higher education, including cultural dissonance, lack of academic preparedness, and social alienation. These challenges are often intensified at predominantly White institutions (PWIs), where cultural representation and support structures may be lacking. Despite quantitative research identifying these disparities, there is limited qualitative insight into how FGCS interpret, navigate, and respond to these challenges in their own words.


Purpose of the Study

The purpose of this qualitative phenomenological study is to explore the lived experiences of FGCS at a PWI to understand how they make sense of academic, social, and cultural challenges and the support systems they find most valuable.


Role of the Researcher and Reflexivity

As a researcher who is not a first-generation college student but has worked in student support services, I bring a mix of outsider and insider perspectives. My background may influence the way I interpret participants’ responses. To address this, I will:

  • Maintain a reflexive journal to document personal reactions and biases.

  • Use member checking to validate interpretations with participants.

  • Engage in peer debriefing with colleagues to ensure balanced analysis.


Research Questions

  1. What are the lived experiences of first-generation college students at a PWI?,

  2. How do these students interpret and navigate academic and social challenges?,

  3. What institutional or informal support systems do they find helpful or lacking?


Data Collection Procedures

  • Participants: 10–12 FGCS currently enrolled at a large Midwestern PWI, recruited through the university’s first-generation support office and student organizations.

  • Sampling Strategy: Purposeful sampling, ensuring diversity in gender, major, and year of study.

January 15, 2026
January 15, 2026

Policy Request:

Instructions and Rubric for (Letter to a US Political Representative) In this project, you will be writing a letter to an elected representative to request them to take action on a specific policy. You are welcome to mail this letter to your selected representative, but this is not required as part of this project. Submit completed letter. DUE MAY 3

Policy Request:
a. LENGTH: 900-1200 words (12-point font, single-spaced) You must first determine the specific action you want taken and then determine which elected representative (federal, state, or local *Texas*) to send the letter to. The aim in your letter is to present an argument to persuade the representative to endorse and carry out the policy you desire. You are welcome to use prompts and posts from past forum discussions in selecting your policy and making your argument. Make sure that the desired policy is one that falls within the jurisdiction of the representative you select (asking the Mayor of Austin Texas to repeal Obamacare, for example, would not work). You also want to pick a policy that is specific and feasible. Avoid vague or unattainable policies (asking the President of the United States to establish world peace would be both overly vague and also not within the sole power of the United States to do). Specific, feasible policies are easier to argue for and easier to find evidence for than vague, unattainable policies. The letter should take the form of a formal letter, so include the name and mailing address of the representative you are writing (formal letters often include the mailing address of the sender but, for your privacy, I do not require this. If you like, you can make up a fake address to include, for example “123 Anywhere St., Austin TX”). The letter should open with a salutation and have an appropriate closing (“Sincerely” or something equivalent). Purdue University provides more guidance on what to include in a business letter here. The paper should open (that is, have at least in the first paragraph) a clear statement of the policy action you are arguing for. As part of the argument for your request, you will be required to provide supporting evidence. However, since this is a letter, and not a research paper, weigh the number of citations accordingly. You will have to present facts and back them up (with, say, references to news articles), but a representative would not want to read a letter with 50 footnotes. For example, when you provide a particular statistic from a newspaper article, you should note in the text in a parenthetical reference (footnotes are not required, though you can use them instead if you prefer) the name of the publication and the date of publication. For example: “Crime in DC went up 10% in the first three months of 2021 (Washington Post of Oct. 1, 2020). Provide a hyperlink or URL if possible. Providing one or two references per page would be adequate. Since this is a letter, a bibliography is not necessary. It should be possible to identify your source from your citation, however. All submissions will be submitted to TurnItIn for plagiarism detection. Do not copy and paste

Letter to a US Political Representative

 

from other sources into your paper unless you are providing a direct quotations (with quotation marks). These will get flagged, even if you change a word or two. When you are quoting or using information from a source, be sure to cite. Citations are needed for both direct quotations and paraphrases (for an assignment like this, I expect direct quotations will be rare and paraphrases will be much more common). Instructions on how to cite in an informal context like this are given above. Submission will be made through Canvas. Submissions must be in Microsoft Word or PDF format. Rubric:

 

 

Item Description Points

Submission of Outline Submission of an adequate version of an outline 1

Item Description Points

Statement of Policy Request

What are you asking your representative to do?, Does the letter make an explicit and actionable policy request of the representative?m, Is this the correct representative to be asking for the request?,

2

Effectiveness and Organization

Does the letter present a clear argument for why the representative should grant its request?,Is this argument well-organized, with a clear structure and the space dedicated to issues proportionate to their importance to the request?

12

Supporting citations Are claims about what the reading says backed up by reference to external sources (e.g., newspaper articles or public reports)? Are there an adequate number of supporting citations?

4

Spelling and Grammar Are there so many spelling/grammatical mistakes in the paper that they obstruct understanding?

2 Letter to a US Political Representative

TOTAL 20 points

January 15, 2026
January 15, 2026

Nuremberg Due Process

  • Review the Due Process in Proceedings Before International Criminal Tribunals in Section C on page 124 of your text.,
    • Select either the International Military Tribunals in Nuremberg or the International Military Tribunals in Tokyo and conduct research involving either one of these Tribunals.,
    • Provide a background of the purpose of these Tribunals and what each was intended to provide to criminal defendants.,
    • Offer your assessment of the success of the Tribunal in accordance with the commitment to protection of Due Process Rights of Human Criminal Defendants.,

I also need help in the following

  • Conduct research and locate a case that involves either pretrial rights or trial rights that was heard in the international arena before the International Criminal Court.
    • Provide a brief summary of the main issues, the pretrial and trial process, and the outcome of the case.
    • Discuss how the case reflects the defendant being provided with five pretrial rights or trial rights.
    • Provide specific examples of these rights in action during the specific case you researched and selected.

Nuremberg Due Process

 

Part 1: Due Process in the Nuremberg International Military Tribunal (IMT)

Background and Purpose

The Nuremberg Trials, formally known as the International Military Tribunal (IMT) at Nuremberg, were convened after World War II to prosecute leading Nazi officials for war crimes, crimes against humanity, and crimes against peace. The tribunal was established by the London Charter of the International Military Tribunal in 1945, signed by the Allied powers: the United States, the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union, and France.

The main goals of the Tribunal were to:

  • Hold accountable high-ranking officials for planning and executing aggressive war and atrocities.

  • Establish a legal precedent for international criminal accountability.

  • Demonstrate that individuals (including heads of state) are not immune from justice.

Due Process Protections for Defendants

The IMT was the first international tribunal to adopt a framework that included some due process protections, such as:

  • The right to counsel.

  • The right to know charges in advance.

  • The right to present evidence and witnesses.

  • The right to cross-examine prosecution witnesses.

  • The presumption of innocence.

Assessment of Due Process Success

While the IMT at Nuremberg advanced due process in international law, its success is mixed:

Strengths:

  • Provided a structured trial process with defense rights.

  • Allowed defendants to be represented and present a defense.

  • Issued reasoned judgments for each defendant.

Weaknesses:

  • Critics argue that it was victor’s justice, as only Axis powers were tried.

  • Some evidence rules were relaxed compared to domestic courts.

  • No appeals process was available.

  • Limited ability to challenge jurisdiction or the legitimacy of the Tribunal.

Conclusion: The Nuremberg IMT marked a milestone in international justice by incorporating fair trial principles, though it fell short of full impartiality and comprehensive procedural rights.


Part 2: ICC Case Involving Pretrial and Trial Rights

Case: Prosecutor v. Thomas Lubanga Dyilo

Background:
Thomas Lubanga Dyilo, a Congolese warlord, was the first person ever tried and convicted by the International Criminal Court (ICC). He was charged with enlisting and conscripting children under the age of 15 to participate in hostilities during the conflict in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

January 15, 2026
January 15, 2026

iOS Project Strategies

Imagine that you are employed by an organization that would like to further invest in the development of internal iOS applications. The organization finds it very costly to maintain vendor-built and maintained iOS apps. It believes that the strategy of developing internal iOS apps could provide cost savings in the long run.

One of your responsibilities at this organization is to advise upper management on the latest trends and methodologies of software project management strategies. Upper management has asked you to identify and analyze the challenges and issues that the software development teams may experience if they transition to this new strategy. In addition, you are asked to provide your suggestions and solutions to mitigate the challenges and issues.

iOS Project Strategies

 

 

Instructions

Write a 4-6 page paper in which you:,

  1. Describe the latest trends in software project management strategies and suggest at least three methodologies of software project management strategies for this project.,
  2. Select the optimal software project management strategy for this project and provide a rationale.,
  3. Select three typical constraints that may exist while managing and leading software projects within this organization., Analyze why the determination and clarification of these constraints are essential within the planning phases of the project.,
  4. State the relationship between the organizational structure and a project manager’s level of authority and responsibility.
  5. Suggest how a typical software engineering team could be staffed and describe each team member’s role. Determine the skills that are required for each team member for the success of the software project development.
  6. Select two software project management frameworks as options for software development. Discuss how each framework provides an opportunity for efficient project resource management. Use examples to justify your answer.
  7. Use at least three quality resources in this assignment. Note: Wikipedia and similar websites do not qualify as quality resources.
  8. d similar websites do not qualify as quality resources.