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January 25, 2024

Pulmonary Pathophysiological Assessment

Pulmonary Pathophysiological Assessment

Purpose

The purpose of this assignment is to apply pulmonary pathophysiological concepts to explain the assessment findings of a patient with respiratory disease. Students will examine all aspects of the patient’s assessment including: Chief Complaint (CC), History of Present Illness (HPI), Past Medical History (PMH), Family History (FH), Social History (SH), Review of Systems (ROS), and Medications and then answer the questions that follow on the provided Comprehensive Case Study template.

Activity Learning Outcomes

Through this assignment, the student will demonstrate the ability to:

Examine the case scenario and analyze the spirometry results to determine the most likely respiratory diagnosis. (CO1)
Explain the pathophysiology of the respiratory disease. (CO1)
Differentiate between subjective and objective findings which support the chosen diagnosis. (CO4)
Apply evidence-based practice guidelines to classify the severity of the respiratory disorder and employ an appropriate treatment plan. (CO1, CO5)

Pulmonary Pathophysiological Assessment

Requirements

Content Criteria:

Read the case study listed below.

Refer to the rubric for grading requirements.

Utilizing the Week 3 Case Study TemplateLinks to an external site., provide your responses to the case study questions listed below.

You must use at least one scholarly reference to provide pathophysiology statements.

You must use the current Clinical Practice Guideline (CPG) for the management and prevention of COPD (GOLD Criteria) to answer the classification of severity and treatment recommendation questions. The most current guideline may be found at the following web address: https://goldcopd.org/Links to an external site.. At the website, locate the current year’s CPG and download a personal copy for use. You may also use a medication administration reference such as Epocrates to provide medication names.

Pulmonary Pathophysiological Assessment

Proper APA format (in-text citations, reference page, spelling, English language, and grammar) must be used.

Case Study Scenario

Chief Complaint
A.C., is a 61-year old male with complaints of shortness of breath.

History of Present Illness

A.C. was seen in the emergency room 1 week ago for an acute onset of mid-sternal chest pain. The event was preceded with complaints of fatigue and increasing dyspnea for 3 months, for which he did not seek care. He was evaluated by cardiology and underwent a successful and uneventful angioplasty prior to discharge. Despite the intervention, the shortness of breath has not improved. Since starting cardiac rehabilitation, he feels that his breathlessness is worse. The cardiologist has requested that you, his primary care provider, evaluate him for further work-up. Prior to today, his last visit with your practice was 3 years ago when he was seen for acute bronchitis and smoking cessation counseling.

Pulmonary Pathophysiological Assessment

Past Medical History 

Hypertension

Hyperlipidemia

Atherosclerotic coronary artery disease

Smoker

Family History

Father deceased of acute coronary syndrome at age 65

Mother deceased of breast cancer at age 58.

One sister, alive, who is a 5 year breast cancer survivor.

One son and one daughter with no significant medical history.

Pulmonary Pathophysiological Assessment

Social History

35 pack-year smoking history; he has cut down to one cigarette at bedtime following his cardiac intervention.

Denies alcohol or recreational drug use

Real estate agent

Allergies

No Known Drug Allergies

Medications

Rosuvastatin 20 mg once daily by mouth

Carvedilol 25 mg twice daily by mouth

Hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 mg once daily by mouth

Aspirin 81mg daily by mouth

Review of Systems

Constitutional: Denies fever, chills or weight loss. + Fatigue.

HEENT: Denies nasal congestion, rhinorrhea or sore throat.

Chest: + dyspnea with exertion. Denies productive cough or wheezing. + Dry, nonproductive cough in the AM.

Heart: Denies chest pain, chest pressure or palpitations.

Lymph: Denies lymph node swelling.

Pulmonary Pathophysiological Assessment

General Physical Exam  

Constitutional: Alert and oriented male in no apparent distress.

Vital Signs: BP-120/84, T-97.9 F, P-62, RR-22, SaO2: 93%

Wt. 180 lbs., Ht. 5’9″

HEENT 

Eyes: Pupils equal, round and reactive to light and accommodation, normal conjunctiva.

Ears: Tympanic membranes intact.

Nose: Bilateral nasal turbinates without redness or swelling. Nares patent.

Mouth: Oropharynx clear. No mouth lesions. Dentures well-fitting. Oral mucous membranes dry.

Neck/Lymph Nodes 

Neck supple without JVD.

No lymphadenopathy, masses or carotid bruits.

Pulmonary Pathophysiological Assessment

Lungs 

Bilateral breath sounds clear throughout lung fields. + Bilaterally wheezes noted with forced exhalation along with a prolonged expiratory phase. No intercostal retractions.

Heart 

S1 and S2 regular rate and rhythm, no rubs or murmurs.

Integumentary System 

Skin cool, pale and dry. Nail beds pink without clubbing.

Chest X-Ray 

Lungs are hyper-inflated bilaterally with a flattened diaphragm. No effusions or infiltrates.

Spirometry

Title	Predicted	Pre-bronchodilator	% Predicted	Post-bronchodilator	% Predicted	Change
FVC (L)	5.64	5.23	93	5.77	102	9%
FEV1 (L)	4.57	2.92	64	3.01	66	2%
FEV1/FVC (%)	81	56	69	52	64	-5%
TLC	5.5	6.9	125	6.9	125	0%

Pulmonary Pathophysiological Assessment

Case Study Questions

Pathophysiology & Clinical Findings of the Disease

Are the spirometry results consistent with obstructive or restrictive pulmonary disease? What is the most likely pulmonary diagnosis for this patient?

Explain the pathophysiology associated with the chosen pulmonary disease.

Identify at least three subjective findings from the case which support the chosen diagnosis.

Identify at least three objective findings from the case which support the chosen diagnosis.

Management of the Disease

*Utilize the required Clinical Practice Guideline (CPG) to support your treatment recommendations.

Classify the patient’s disease severity. Is this considered stable or unstable?

Identify two (2) “Evidence A” recommended medication classes for the treatment of this condition and provide an example (drug name) for each.

Describe the mechanism of action for each of the medication classes identified above.

Identify two (2) “Evidence A” recommended non-pharmacological treatment options for this patient.

January 24, 2024

Sterile Supplies

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Sterile Supplies Explain the importance of proper storage and transportation of sterile supplies to ensure quality control is maintained? How should sterile items be transported? How do you store clean and sterile supplies? What must be protected during handling and storage of sterile equipment? How should medical supplies be stored? What are sterile storage regulations? How to transport sterilized items? What types of packaging materials are available for sterile packages? What must be protected during handling and storage of sterile equipment? How should medical supplies be stored? Is the process of sterilization and decontamination complex?

Explain the importance of proper storage and transportation of sterile supplies to ensure quality control is maintained? What types of packaging materials are available for sterile packages? What must be protected during handling and storage of sterile equipment? How should sterile items be transported? How do you store clean and? What must be protected during handling and storage of sterile equipment? How should medical supplies be stored? What are sterile storage regulations? How to transport sterilized items? What types of packaging materials are available for sterile packages? What must be protected during handling and storage of sterile equipment? How should medical supplies be stored? Is the process of sterilization and decontamination complex?

Explain the importance of proper storage and transportation of sterile supplies to ensure quality control is maintained? How should sterile items be transported? How do you store clean and sterile supplies? What must be protected during handling and storage of sterile equipment? How should medical supplies be stored? What are sterile storage regulations? How to transport sterilized items? What types of packaging materials are available for sterile packages? What must be protected during handling and storage of sterile equipment? How should medical supplies be stored? Is the process of sterilization and decontamination complex? Use APA referencing format.

January 24, 2024

Simco Limited

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Simco Limited Calculate the full absorption costs, % mark up and profit margin for each of the three products. Use the annual capacity as the denominator for the fixed costs allocation. (20 marks) (b) There is insufficient production capacity to meet all the annual demand, so in order to make the highest profit, the sales manager suggests that the products with the highest % mark-up should be produced first, followed by the next highest £ mark-up and so on. Using appropriate calculation, explain to the sales manager whether this would result in the best use of the productive capacity and thus the highest profit for the company. Include in your answer calculations of total manufacturing profit. (50 marks).

Simco Ltd is considering using some modern equipment in the finishing department that would increase annual finishing capacity by 6,000 hours. The annual cost of these jigs and tools is £30,000. Provide calculations to indicate whether Simco Ltd should acquire these tools. (10 marks) (d) The production manager of the Machining department has submitted a proposal to rearrange certain areas of the production area and appoint an additional supervisor to enable faster setups. This would increase the annual capacity of the Machining department by 10,000 hours and cost £50,000 per year. Provide calculations to indicate.

January 24, 2024

Disaster Notification

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Disaster Notification Research the social media/disaster notification systems available in your community. Is there an app? Emergency alert system? How is social media utilized? You may also find news stories of how it was utilized for past disasters. Why should social media be used in a disaster? Did public affairs officers use social media during a flood disaster? How is social media used in disaster? Why did Facebook create the Disaster Message Board? How do social media providers respond to alerts and warnings? Can social media help post-disaster emergency response? How do emergency managers use social media?

January 24, 2024

Business Communication

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Business Communication As you read in your textbook, the first step in crafting an effective business communication is planning. As part of your planning, you’ll want to complete the AIM process: an analysis of the audience (A), careful attention to information gathering (I) is required to develop the message (M). (See page 146 in your textbook.) Think back to some business or professional communication that did not look like you had planned or hoped. This could be an email that was misunderstood, a voicemail that wasn’t clear, or even a presentation that didn’t achieve what you had hoped.

Business Communication For the first part of the discussion, briefly describe the communication, what the results were, and how they differed from your desired results. For the second part, looking at that same communication, apply the AIM process to the communication. Describe your audience analysis, share some information that you gathered then or are gathering now, and explain how you might develop the message differently. It is not necessary that you rewrite the communication; just describe how it might be different with the AIM process. Finally, share whether or not you think applying the AIM process to your communication would have improved the results. Explain your response.

Business Communication Think back to some business or professional communication that did not look like you had planned or hoped. This could be an email that was misunderstood, a voicemail that wasn’t clear, or even a presentation that didn’t achieve what you had hoped. For the first part of the discussion, briefly describe the communication, what the results were, and how they differed from your desired results. For the second part, looking at that same communication, apply the AIM process to the communication. Describe your audience analysis, share some information that you gathered then or are gathering now, and explain how you might develop the message differently. Use APA referencing format.

January 24, 2024

Advertising Business

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Advertising Business Davis in North, partners in an advertising business, share profit and losses in the ratio of 7 to 4, respectively. Prior to record in the omission of Martin as a new partner, Davis has a capital balance of 80,000, and north has a capital balance of 100,000. . For each of the following independent cases, prepare the journal entry that was made to record the omission of Martin into the p1. Davis invested $50,000 cash in the partnership for 20% interest. The goodwill/reevaluation method is used in the fair value of the land is 5000 more than the book value on the state Reflect on what we have studied this week. Discuss an aspect of what we studied this week.

Advertising Business How have you used this concept in your current business? Or how do you see using a particular concept in the future? Did you find anything of particular interest to you? Please explain Advertising Business Davis in North, partners in an advertising business, share profit and losses in the ratio of 7 to 4, respectively. Prior to record in the omission of Martin as a new partner, Davis has a capital balance of 80,000, and north has a capital balance of 100,000. . For each of the following independent cases, prepare the journal entry that was made to record the omission of Martin into the p1. Davis invested $50,000 cash in the partnership for 20% interest.

Advertising Business The goodwill/reevaluation method is used in the fair value of the land is 5000 more than the book value on the state Reflect on what we have studied this week. Discuss an aspect of what we studied this week. For each of the following independent cases, prepare the journal entry that was made to record the omission of Martin into the p1. Davis invested $50,000 cash in the partnership for 20% interest. The goodwill/reevaluation method is used in the fair value of the land is 5000 more than the book value on the state Reflect on what we have studied this week. Discuss an aspect of what we studied this week. Use APA referencing format.

January 24, 2024

Business Management

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Business Management Reflect on what we have studied this week. Discuss an aspect of what we studied this week. How have you used this concept in your current business? Or how do you see using a particular concept in the future? Did you find anything of particular interest to you? Please explain Davis in North, partners in an advertising business, share profit and losses in the ratio of 7 to 4, respectively. Prior to record in the omission of Martin as a new partner, Davis has a capital balance of 80,000, and north has a capital balance of 100,000. For each of the following independent cases, prepare the journal entry that was made to record the omission of Martin into the p1. Davis invested $50,000 cash in the partnership for 20% interest.

Business Management The goodwill/reevaluation method is used in the fair value of the land is 5000 more than the book value on the state. Business Management Reflect on what we have studied this week. Discuss an aspect of what we studied this week. How have you used this concept in your current business? Or how do you see using a particular concept in the future? Did you find anything of particular interest to you? Please explain Davis in North, partners in an advertising business, share profit and losses in the ratio of 7 to 4, respectively. Prior to record in the omission of Martin as a new partner, Davis has a capital balance of 80,000, and north has a capital balance of 100,000.

Business Management For each of the following independent cases, prepare the journal entry that was made to record the omission of Martin into the p1. Davis invested $50,000 cash in the partnership for 20% interest. The goodwill/reevaluation method is used in the fair value of the land is 5000 more than the book value on the state. Business Management Reflect on what we have studied this week. Discuss an aspect of what we studied this week. How have you used this concept in your current business? Use APA referencing format.

January 24, 2024

Local Gymnasium

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Local Gymnasium Would you conduct an evaluation or research? Why? Also, what would you choose as the criteria/research questions for your evaluation/research? (be specific when justifying your answer) What kinds of evidence are likely to be most informative about the effectiveness of the midnight basketball program? How would you get that evidence? What data are required? You are Director of Programming for a local gymnasium. Your gym has recently extended its hours to offer a Midnight Basketball program. The program is intended to reduce gang activity by providing an alternative late-night engagement for teen and pre-teen boys and girls, and by fostering mentoring relationships between the adults who coach and the boys and girls who participate. It is supported by a grant from a local philanthropic organization.

Local Gymnasium The grant has been provided for three years, but in order for it to be renewed, the philanthropic organization wants evidence that it is making a difference – that is, that the program is keeping participants out of gangs, and is thereby helping to reduce gang activity. In order to determine whether or not it is worthwhile for your program to continue, the philanthropic organization wants to know what effects your program is having, and how substantial those effects are.

January 24, 2024

Capital Investment

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Capital Investment Is it a good strategic fit and the right timing? A good investment isn’t necessarily the right investment for your business. You should also consider the timing and its strategic fit. Is it a good investment? What are the impacts on your cash flow? What financing will you need? Have you considered all other impacts of the investment? Have you considered all other impacts of the investment? What financing will you need? What are the impacts on your cash flow? What is the accounting rate of return? How long is the investments payback time? What questions should business leaders ask when raising capital? Are you putting your business at risk when evaluating a capital investment? What questions are asked in a capital market course? Should you invest in a capital investment?

January 24, 2024

Greenwashing Concept D.I.E. Analysis

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Greenwashing Concept D.I.E. Analysis

Introduction

Greenwashing is the practice by companies, and government institutions try to cover up their poor environmental records with ambitious public schemes towards environmental concern (Acaroglu, 2019). For instance, there is prevalence in brands using the words such as sustainability, vegan, green, or even eco-friendly as a marketing strategy without accountability for their actions or deep understanding of the meaning of the words. It has led to inflated prices on the product despite less involvement in plastic packaging, making the environmental lifestyle highly costly and inaccessible.

H & M is a fast-fashion brand dealing with clothing retail. It is based in Stockholm, Sweden, and is operating in over seventy-four countries. The accusations on the company are greenwashing by claiming its conscious collection label to be sustainable (Petter, 2020). According to the Norwegian Consumer Authority, “Consumers are being given the impression that these products are more ‘sustainable’ than they are.” Markedly, H&M has not furnished precise information on why the clothing line is labeled conscious and is more sustainable than other products they are selling, thus just creating an impression.

Greenwashing Concept D.I.E. Analysis

Despite fast fashion being rendered a hazard to the environment, H &M launched plans to make clothes from Circulose, a sustainable fabric made up of recycled clothing and fashion waste (Hitti, 2019). However, the move was another attempt at greenwashing. The fast-fashion business model has proven to be unsustainable despite all the modifications the business aims at achieving. The move aims at covering up all the claims laid on the company’s greenwashing efforts.

Some attempts at greenwashing may fail, while other schemes are challenging to identify on the greenwashing scale. Advertising regulators do not have a universally accepted definition of terms used in the description, such as sustainability. H & M is exploiting the vagueness of green terminology to create an image of an environmentally conscious brand hence sell more clothing (Petter, 2020). For instance, the information on the collection was general. It did not specify the actual environmental benefit of each garment, such as the amount of recycled material on each garment, with fast fashion being under immense scrutiny due to the amount of clothing pollution ending up on landfills.

Greenwashing Concept D.I.E. Analysis

H & M has shown a lack of transparency. The company claims to be the most transparent brand raising many questions on the well-being of its employees over the wealth of its shareholders (Hitti, 2019). Additionally, engagement of ethics across the supply chain, products, and employment practices. The company should be more transparent on its journey to sustainability and not just proclaiming sustainability without evidence.

Sustainable fashion should be widely accessible, but the fast-fashion model will never achieve the aim of eliminating pollution. Notably, greenwashing is facing severe criticism, and even in some circumstances, companies are facing litigation. According to Acaroglu (2019), it is good to appraise green products manufactured by pollution agents, baffling terms such as sustainable and eco-friendly to avoid being a culprit of the vice.

Similarly, fake third party endorsement that seems genuine and lack of scientific evidence to back up company claims (Gatti, Seele & Rademacher, 2019). Other ways in which one can quickly determine greenwashing are via suggestive pictures, irrelevant packages, and deceptive packaging such as the use of green-colored boxes for harmful products. Online tools such as Project Cece, Ethical Made Easy, and STAIY check the sustainability, eco-friendly and green credentials.

Greenwashing Concept D.I.E. Analysis

Conclusion

Greenwashing, as shown by corporations investing heavily in advertisements claiming the company’s products are green rather than implementing sustainable business practices (Ferrer, 2020). Companies should be held accountable for their transparency on their journey towards sustainability. The business should instead engage in green marketing, which selling based on legitimate environmental concerns.

References

Acaroglu, L. (2019). What is Greenwashing? How to Spot It and Stop it. Medium. Retrieved 24 September 2020, from https://medium.com/disruptive-design/what-is-greenwashing-how-to-spot-it-and-stop-it

Posting of the information took place in 2019; as such, it is current for research purposes, and the link is fully functional.
The information relates to greenwashing as a concept as well as how to spot and eradicate. The audience is multidimensional and mainly used for informative purposes. The data is of intermediate level as such, ideal for the paper. I am comfortable using this information on a research paper.
The author is Leyla Acaroglu. The website shows her credentials in the field of environment. She is a UNEP champion of the earth as well as a sustainability provocateur. Notably, the source offers her LinkedIn profile.
The information comes from the Medium.com website. Not sure if the review of the article has occurred. The paper does not have grammatical errors and free from bias. Similarly, the information is easily verifiable in another source.
The sole purpose of the information is to inform and educate. It can be proven by how factual the data is and impartial.

Score: 08/10

Greenwashing Concept D.I.E. Analysis

Ferrer, M. (2020). What is greenwashing, and why is it a problem? | Living. Retrieved 24 September 2020, from https://www.euronews.com/living/2020/09/09/what-is-greenwashing-and-why-is-it-a-problem.

Posting of the information took place in 2020; it is current for research purposes, and the link is fully functional.
The information relates to greenwashing as a concept and how it is a problem in society. The audience is multidimensional and mainly used for informative purposes. The data is of intermediate level as such, ideal for the paper. I am comfortable using this information on a research paper.
The author is Marthe de Ferrer. Her credentials are in the field of the environment. She is a Euro news producer and a journalist at BBC. Notably, the source shares her social media handles.
The information comes from the euronews.com website. The article was reviewed and updated on 09 September 2020. The paper does not have grammatical errors and free from bias. Similarly, the information is easily verifiable in another source.
The sole purpose of the information is to inform and educate. It can be proven by how factual the data is and impartial.

Score: 07/10

Greenwashing Concept D.I.E. Analysis

Gatti, L., Seele, P., & Rademacher, L. (2019). Grey zone in – greenwash out. A review of greenwashing research and implications for the voluntary-mandatory transition of CSR. International Journal of Corporate Social Responsibility, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40991-019-0044-9

Posting of the information took place in 2019. As such, it is current for research purposes, and the link is fully functional.
The information relates to greenwashing research and its role in corporate social responsibility. The audience is mainly scholars, as the information is for educational purposes. The data is of intermediate level to advanced level; thus, it is ideal for the paper. I am comfortable using this information on a research paper as it is a peer-reviewed article.
The corresponding author is Lucia Gatti, assisted by Peter Seele, who works at the Ethics and Communication Law Centre at the Universita Della Svizzera Italiana Lugano, Switzerland. Similarly, Lars Rademacher works at the University of Applied Sciences Darmstadt under communication and media.
The information comes from an International Journal of Corporate Social Responsibility. The review of the article has occurred since it is a scholarly article. The paper does not have grammatical errors and free from bias. Similarly, the information is easily verifiable in another source.
The sole purpose of the information is to inform and educate. It can be proven by how factual the data is and impartial.

Greenwashing Concept D.I.E. Analysis

Score: 10/10

Hitti, N. (2019). H&M called out for “greenwashing” in its Conscious fashion collection. Dezeen. Retrieved 24 September 2020, from https://www.dezeen.com/2019/08/02/hm-norway-greenwashing-conscious-fashion-collection-news/.

Posting of the information took place in 2019; as such, it is current for research purposes, and the link is fully functional.
The information relates to greenwashing as a concept regarding the H&M Retail Company. The audience is the general public and is mainly for informative purposes. The data is of intermediate level as such ideal for the paper. I am comfortable using this information on a research paper.
The author is Natashah Hitti. The website shows her credentials as a design and technology reporter at the Dezeen since 2019. She was previously an editorial assistant. Her email, as well as other social media handles, are inclusive of personal information.
The information comes from Dezeen.com website. The article has been reviewed by the editorial group as is fact-checking protocol. The paper does not have grammatical errors and free from bias. Similarly, the information is easily verifiable in another source.
The information aims to inform. The author makes her intentions clear and from an objective point of view.

Score: 08/10

Greenwashing Concept D.I.E. Analysis

Petter, O. (2020). H&M is accused of ‘greenwashing’ over plans to make clothes from sustainable fabric. Independent.co.uk. Retrieved 24 September 2020, from https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/fashion/hm-greenwashing-sustainable-circulose-venetia-falconer-manna-a9312566.html.

Posting of the information took place in 2020. As such, it is current for research purposes, and the link is fully functional.
The information relates to greenwashing as a concept as well as H&M Retail Company. The audience is the general public and is mainly for informative purposes. The data is of intermediate level as such ideal for the paper. I am comfortable using this information on a research paper.
The author is Olivia Petter. The website shows her credentials as a journalist for the Independent newspaper on matters fashion and lifestyle. Her email, as well as other social media handles, are inclusive of personal information.
The information comes from the Independent.co.uk website. The article has been reviewed by the editorial group as is fact-checking protocol. The paper does not have grammatical errors and free from bias. Similarly, the information is easily verifiable in another source.
The information aims to inform. The author makes her intentions clear and from an objective point of view.

Score: 09/10

apa.

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