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Author Archives: Academic Wizard

September 3, 2025
September 3, 2025

Evaluation and Management

Insurance coding and billing is complex, but it boils down to how to accurately apply a code, or CPT (current procedural terminology), to the service that you provided. The payer then reimburses the service at a certain rate. As a provider, you will have to understand what codes to use and what documentation is necessary to support coding.

For this Assignment, you will review evaluation and management (E/M) documentation for a case study patient. You will analyze the documentation to formulate DSM-5-TR diagnoses and ICD-10 coding. You will formulate a billing code for reimbursement of the case study. You will consider legal and ethical considerations for coding and billing. You will analyze and consider the documentation necessary to support accurate billing and coding procedures.

RESOURCES

Evaluation and Management

Be sure to review the Learning Resources before completing this activity.  Click the weekly resources link to access the resources.

WEEKLY RESOURCES

TO PREPARE

· Review this week’s Learning Resources on coding, billing, reimbursement.

· Review the E/M patient case scenario provided.

THE ASSIGNMENT

· Assign DSM-5-TR diagnoses, ICD-10, and reimbursement codes to services based on the patient case scenario.

Then, in 2-3 pages, address the following. You will add your narrative answers to these questions to the bottom of the case scenario document and submit them altogether as one document.

· What reimbursement billing code would you use for this session? Provide your justification for using this billing code.

· Explain what pertinent information is required in documentation to support your chosen DSM-5-TR diagnoses, ICD-10 coding, and billing code.

· Explain what pertinent documentation is missing from the case scenario and what other information would be helpful to narrow your coding and billing options. (There are at least 12 missing pertinent components of documentation).

· Discuss legal and ethical dilemmas related to overbilling, upcoding, and fraudulent practices. Propose 2 strategies for promoting legal and ethical coding and billing practices within your future clinical roles.

· Finally, explain how to improve documentation to support coding and billing for maximum reimbursement.

· American Psychiatric Association. (2024).  CPT coding and reimbursementLinks to an external site. https://www.psychiatry.org/psychiatrists/practice/practice-management/coding-and-reimbursement

· American Psychiatric Association. (2022). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. Section II.  In  Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders   Links to an external site.  (5th ed., text rev.). https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?url=https://dsm.psychiatryonline.org/doi/book/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425787

· Buppert, C. (2021).  Nurse practitioner’s business practice and legal guide  (7th ed.). Jones & Bartlett Learning.

· Chapter 9, “Reimbursement for Nurse Practitioner Services” Evaluation and Management

· Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. (2023).  Medicare & mental health coverageLinks to an external site. . https://www.cms.gov/files/document/mln1986542-medicare-mental-health-coverage.pdf

· Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. (2023).  Your billing responsibilities   Links to an external site. . https://www.cms.gov/Medicare/Coordination-of-Benefits-and-Recovery/ProviderServices/Your-Billing-Responsibilities

· DeNisco, S. M. (2023).  Role development for the nurse practitioner (3rd ed.). Jones & Bartlett Learning.

· Chapter 17, “Reimbursement for Nurse Practitioner Services” (pp. 403-427)

· Chapter 14, “Concepts and Challenges of the Professional Nurse Practitioner” (pp. 351-362)

· Chapter 15, “Health Policy and the Nurse Practitioner” (pp. 367-384)

· Chapter 16, “Mentoring and Lifelong Learning”  (pp. 389-399)

· Walden University Academic Skills Center. (2017).  Developing SMART goals   Links to an external site. . https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/ld.php?content_id=51901492

· Zakhari, R. (2021).  The psychiatric-mental health nurse practitioner certification review manual . Springer Publishing Company.

· Chapter 4 “Neuroanatomy, Physiology, and Mental Illness”

Evaluation and Management

What reimbursement billing code would you use?, What documentation supports DSM-5-TR, ICD-10, and billing codes?, What pertinent documentation is missing?, What legal and ethical dilemmas exist in coding?, How can documentation improve reimbursement?

September 3, 2025
September 3, 2025

Study Plan

Can you imagine an athlete deciding to run a marathon without training for the event? Most ambitious people who have set this goal will follow a specific training plan that will allow them to feel confident and prepared on the big day. Similarly, if you want to feel confident and prepared for your certification exam, you should create and follow a plan that will thoroughly prepare you for success.

In this Assignment, you will review the study plan that you developed in NRNP 6665, and revise your plan as necessary, which will serve as the road map for you to follow to attain your certification.

RESOURCES

Study Plan

Be sure to review the Learning Resources before completing this activity.  Click the weekly resources link to access the resources.

WEEKLY RESOURCES

TO PREPARE

· Reflect on the study plan you created in NRNP 6665. Did you accomplish your SMART goals? What areas of focus still present opportunities for growth?

THE ASSIGNMENT

· Revise your study plan summarizing your current strengths and opportunities for improvement.

· Develop 3–4 new SMART goals for this quarter and the tasks you need to complete to accomplish each goal. Include a timetable for accomplishing them and a description of how you will measure your progress.

· Describe resources you would use to accomplish your goals and tasks, such as ways to participate in a study group or review course, mnemonics and other mental strategies, and print or online resources you could use to study. You will submit 2 documents: the previous NRNP 6665 study plan and your NRNP 6675 revised study plan.

· American Psychiatric Association. (2024).  CPT coding and reimbursementLinks to an external site. https://www.psychiatry.org/psychiatrists/practice/practice-management/coding-and-reimbursement

· American Psychiatric Association. (2022). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. Section II.  In  Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders   Links to an external site.  (5th ed., text rev.). https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?url=https://dsm.psychiatryonline.org/doi/book/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425787

· Buppert, C. (2021).  Nurse practitioner’s business practice and legal guide  (7th ed.). Jones & Bartlett Learning.

· Chapter 9, “Reimbursement for Nurse Practitioner Services”

· Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. (2023).  Medicare & mental health coverageLinks to an external site. . https://www.cms.gov/files/document/mln1986542-medicare-mental-health-coverage.pdf

· Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. (2023).  Your billing responsibilities   Links to an external site. . https://www.cms.gov/Medicare/Coordination-of-Benefits-and-Recovery/ProviderServices/Your-Billing-Responsibilities

· DeNisco, S. M. (2023).  Role development for the nurse practitioner (3rd ed.). Jones & Bartlett Learning.

· Chapter 17, “Reimbursement for Nurse Practitioner Services” (pp. 403-427)

· Chapter 14, “Concepts and Challenges of the Professional Nurse Practitioner” (pp. 351-362) Study Plan

· Chapter 15, “Health Policy and the Nurse Practitioner” (pp. 367-384)

· Chapter 16, “Mentoring and Lifelong Learning”  (pp. 389-399)

· Walden University Academic Skills Center. (2017).  Developing SMART goals   Links to an external site. . https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/ld.php?content_id=51901492

· Zakhari, R. (2021).  The psychiatric-mental health nurse practitioner certification review manual . Springer Publishing Company.  Study Plan

· Chapter 4 “Neuroanatomy, Physiology, and Mental Illness”

 

Did you accomplish your SMART goals?, What are your strengths and opportunities for growth?, What 3–4 new SMART goals will you set?, What resources will you use to accomplish them?, How will you measure your progress?

September 3, 2025
September 3, 2025

Labor Contract Agreements

This assignment is about unions and labor contract agreements. The written agreement is a key element to the understanding of how actions and activities take place in the workplace. Often, however, there are differences in opinion between management and labor. View the following humorous video that shows the importance of ongoing communications and that the contract agreement alone sometimes does not tell the whole story:

Seven Dimensions (2016). Unions and collective bargaining. [Alexander Street Video]. Retrieved from Trident Online Library, Academic Video Online.

Use these steps to navigate to the video in the Trident Online Library:

· Under Online Library, click ADDITIONAL LIBRARY RESOURCES.

· Scroll down to Academic Video Online. Labor Contract Agreements

Labor Contract Agreements

· Click on Academic Video Online.

· Search for the video by pasting its title in the search bar.

In this Case Assignment we will look at actual labor contracts to experience the content and detail involved.

Go to the folloing source:

OPM. (n.d.).  Collective bargaining agreements . https://www.opm.gov/policy-data-oversight/labor-relations/collective-bargaining-agreements/

 

The emphasis is on how to represent information in table form and to draw your own conclusions from the data presented.

 

Case Assignment

Select two labor contracts, each representing a different industry group. Discuss (in your own words):

· How the two contract sections on  employee grievance handling differ and are the same (paying close attention to the definition of “grievance”; grievance processing steps, mediation and/or arbitration and other important topics in the clause).

· Compare and contrast their  employee discipline/discharge clauses.

· Summarize by bringing in your module readings and/or library research to discuss the impact grievance handling might have on employee relations.

Include  at least 3 library sources to help strengthen your discussion.

Half of your paper should be a table or tables, and half a discussion of your conclusions drawn from the tables you present. Paper length:  4–5 pages, not counting cover and reference pages. Please upload your paper by the module due date.

Assignment Expectations Labor Contract Agreements

Demonstrate critical thinking and analysis of the relevant issues and HRM actions, drawing on your background reading and research.

Information Literacy: Evaluate resources and select only library/Web-based resources that provide reliable, substantiated information.

Give authors credit for their work. Cite sources of borrowed information in the body of your text as footnotes or numbered end notes, or use APA style of referencing.

Prepare a paper that is professionally presented (including a cover page, a list of references, headings/subheadings, and a strong introduction and conclusion). Proofread carefully for grammar, spelling, and word-usage errors.

Citation and rference style instructions are available at Trident University’s Introduction to  APA Style, 7th edition  .

How do grievance handling clauses compare?, What similarities exist in grievance definitions and processes?, How do discipline/discharge clauses differ?, How are they similar?, What impact does grievance handling have on employee relations?

September 3, 2025
September 3, 2025

Union Organizing Strategies

In the SLP assignment, you have the opportunity to evaluate strategies taken by union organizers to organize nonunion workplaces.

Review the sources pertaining to union organizing listed on the Module 3 Background page, review the indystar.com article (below), and conduct your own research.

Hussein, F. (2017).  Labor Movement Turns to Social Activism to Attract Millennials . Retrieved from http://www.indystar.com/story/news/2017/07/27/labor-movement-turns-social-activism-attract-millennials/456409001/

· What labor movement effort or efforts do you think might have the most impact on increasing the number of unionized workplaces in the private sector? Why?

Prepare your response as a 3-page brochure/handout geared to HR professionals attending an HRM conference expo. Your goal is to make them more aware of what you think will be unionization tactics they should look out for in future.

Please upload your eye-catching brochure by the Module due date. Include at least 2 references that you utilized to prepare your assignment.

Union Organizing Strategies

SLP Assignment Expectations Union Organizing Strategies

Demonstrate critical thinking and analysis of the relevant issues and HRM actions, drawing on your background reading and research.

Information Literacy: Evaluate resources and select only library/Web-based resources that provide reliable, substantiated information.

For the sources that you utilize, give the authors credit for their work. Union Organizing Strategies

 

Prepare a submission that is professionally presented. Proofread carefully for grammar, spelling, and word-usage errors.

What labor movement efforts are most impactful?, Why might these efforts increase unionization?, How are social activism and millennials connected to unions?, What tactics should HR watch for in the future?, What reliable sources support these insights?


1. Labor Movement Efforts with High Impact

The most impactful efforts are those that connect union organizing with social justice and broader community concerns. By aligning workplace rights with issues like fair wages, diversity, equity, and inclusion, unions are able to reach younger generations who value collective action. Digital campaigns, social media outreach, and grassroots movements are also playing a key role in building momentum.


2. Why These Efforts Matter

Traditional union appeals focused primarily on wages and benefits. However, private sector workers—especially millennials and Gen Z—are more motivated by values-based issues. Framing unionization as part of a larger fight for fairness, equality, and sustainability makes the movement more relevant. These approaches also help overcome the stigma sometimes associated with unions, positioning them instead as modern advocates for workplace democracy.


3. Social Activism and Millennial Engagement

September 3, 2025
September 3, 2025

Practicum Experience Plan

As you establish your goals and objectives for this course, you are committing to an organized plan that will frame your practicum experience in a clinical setting, including planned activities, assessment, and achievement of defined outcomes. In particular, they must address the categories of clinical reasoning, quality in your clinical specialty, and interpersonal collaborative practice.

For this Assignment, you will consider the areas you aim to focus on to gain practical experience as an advanced practice nurse. Then, you will develop a Practicum Experience Plan (PEP) containing the objectives you will fulfill in order to achieve your aims. In this practicum experience, when developing your goals and objectives, be sure to keep psychotherapy approaches and techniques in mind.

TO PREPARE Practicum Experience Plan

· Review your Clinical Skills Self-Assessment Form you submitted last week and think about areas for which you would like to gain application-level experience and/or continued growth as an advanced practice nurse. How can your experiences in the practicum help you achieve these aims?

· Review the information related to developing objectives provided in this week’s Learning Resources. Your practicum learning objectives that you want to achieve during your practicum experience must be:

Practicum Experience Plan

· Specific

· Measurable

· Attainable

· Results-focused

· Time-bound

· Reflective of the higher-order domains of Bloom’s taxonomy (i.e., application level and above)

Note: Please make sure your objectives are individualized and outlined in your Practicum Experience Plan (PEP). While you may add previous objectives to continue to work toward. You must have 3 new objectives for each class, each quarter.

· Discuss your professional aims and your proposed practicum objectives with your Preceptor to ascertain if the necessary resources are available at your practicum site.

· Select one nursing theory and one counseling/psychotherapy theory to best guide your clinical practice. Explain why you selected these theories. Support your approach with evidence-based literature.

· Create a timeline of practicum activities that demonstrates how you plan to meet these goals and objectives based on your practicum requirements.

· ASSIGNMENT

· Record the required information in each area of the Practicum Experience Plan template, including 3–4  measurable practicum learning objectives you will use to facilitate your learning during the practicum experience.

· American Psychiatric Nurses Association. (2020).  APRN psychiatric-mental health nursing practice.Links to an external site. https://www.apna.org/i4a/pages/index.cfm?pageid=3846

· Center for Connected Health Policy Links to an external site.

https://www.cchpca.org/

· Meditrek Links to an external site. 

https://edu.meditrek.com/Default.html Practicum Experience Plan

Note:  Use this website to log into Meditrek to report your clinical hours and patient encounters.

· Walden University Academic Skills Center. (2017).  Developing SMART goals. Download Developing SMART goals.

https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/ld.php?content_id=51901492

 

What are your practicum learning objectives?, How will your practicum help you grow?, Which nursing and counseling theories will guide practice?, What is your timeline for practicum activities?, How will you apply psychotherapy approaches?

September 3, 2025
September 3, 2025

Ethical Issues in Public Health

In last week’s activity, you described how public health managers can effectively promote an “ethics-focused” organizational culture. Even though an ethics-based culture may exist, applying ethics standards to scenarios presented in public health agencies is still necessary. Leaders need to have a framework for analyzing issues to arrive at ethically informed decisions. In this assignment, you will apply an analytical framework to justify a position on an ethics-related topic.

Ethical Issues in Public Health

Preparation

  • Identify an ethical issue related to public healthcare that interests you. Examples are nearly endless. Three examples are:
    • The ethics of providing individuals needles for drug use.
    • Releasing a vaccine in an emergency pandemic without completing the usual time-intensive testing and research.
    • Making vaccines mandatory in times of pandemic.
  • Review EXHIBIT 11.3 Framework for Analysis of Ethical Issues in Public Health found in chapter 11 of your textbook. You will use this framework to analyze the issue and arrive at a position regarding it.

Instructions Ethical Issues in Public Health

Identify your chosen issue and analyze it using the framework for Analysis of Ethical Issues in Public Health found in your textbook. Do the following in 3-4 pages:

  • Analyze the ethical issue by answering at least 4 of the probing questions found in the framework.
  • Briefly evaluate the ethical dimensions of TWO distinct options for resolving the dilemma against the following:
    • Utility.
    • Justice.
    • Respect for individual interests.
    • Respect for legitimate public institutions.
  • State and justify your chosen position on the issue by evaluating it against the following principles:
    • Effectiveness.
    • Proportionality.
    • Necessity.
    • Least infringement. Ethical Issues in Public Health

What is your chosen ethical issue?, What probing questions guide your analysis?, What two options exist to resolve the dilemma?, How do utility, justice, respect for individuals, and institutions apply?, What is your justified position based on principles?


1. Chosen Ethical Issue

For this analysis, the chosen ethical issue is making vaccines mandatory in times of pandemic. This issue is highly relevant, as public health leaders must balance individual freedoms with the responsibility to protect populations from widespread harm. Mandatory vaccination policies raise debates around autonomy, justice, fairness, and collective responsibility.

September 3, 2025
September 3, 2025

Professional Portfolio

For your final assignment in this course, you will prepare a complete Professional Trends Review.

In a single Word document, prepare a Professional Trends Review that will help prepare you for your professional future. In this Individual Project, you will prepare a Professional Summary. A Professional Summary includes the strengths that you have based on your experiences that would be interesting to a potential employer. Use this template. Your Professional Trends Review should include the following:

  • A title page
  • An official professional summary
    • Include your strengths that can be transferred to any position you hold.
    • Include any professional awards you have received.
  • Your career goals
    • Include where you are today and where you want to be in the future.
  • A reflection that includes how the courses you’ve taken will help prepare you for your career Professional Portfolio

Professional Portfolio

What is your professional summary?, What transferable strengths do you have?, What professional awards have you received?, What are your career goals?, How have your courses prepared you?


1. Professional Summary

A professional summary is a concise overview of your experiences, skills, and qualities that showcase your readiness for future opportunities. It emphasizes your professional identity and communicates to employers the unique value you bring. In this section, you highlight your background, relevant experiences, and the attributes that make you an asset in any organization. It should be written in a confident yet professional tone, reflecting both accomplishments and aspirations.

2. Transferable Strengths

Transferable strengths are abilities that can be applied across different roles and industries. Examples include communication, teamwork, problem-solving, adaptability, leadership, and critical thinking. These strengths demonstrate versatility and the capacity to succeed in diverse professional settings. Highlighting these skills shows potential employers that you can bring value beyond specific technical expertise, ensuring long-term contributions to their organization.

3. Professional Awards

Professional awards or recognitions provide evidence of achievement and dedication. These may include academic honors, workplace awards, leadership recognitions, or community service accolades. They validate your commitment to excellence and set you apart as someone who consistently goes above expectations. Even small recognitions, such as employee of the month or completion of specialized certifications, contribute to your professional profile.

4. Career Goals

Career goals outline both short-term and long-term aspirations. Short-term goals might include gaining practical experience, completing certifications, or securing a role aligned with your skills. Long-term goals could involve advancing into leadership, pursuing further education, or specializing in a chosen field. Clearly defined goals provide direction, help measure progress, and communicate ambition to potential employers.

5. Reflection on Courses Taken

Your academic courses play an essential role in preparing you for your professional journey. They provide theoretical knowledge, practical skills, and critical perspectives that can be applied in real-world contexts. Reflecting on coursework allows you to connect classroom learning with professional practice. For example, courses may have improved your research abilities, sharpened your analytical thinking, or strengthened your communication and teamwork skills. This reflection highlights how education has built a foundation for your future success.

September 2, 2025
September 2, 2025

Truth and Commandments

Based on the Topic 6 Resources, develop detailed, thoughtful, and thorough answers to the questions in this document. When completing this document, respond directly after each question within the specified number of words.

1. What would be the implications of truth being relative and subjective in your area of study/future career? Why might absolute and objective truth be required in your area of study/future career? Include a citation from Chapter 7 of The Beginning of Wisdom textbook in your answer and include its reference in the References section at the end of this document.

Your answer in 100-200 words:

<Answer>

2. Review the Ten Commandments in Exodus 20:1-17 and type your responses directly below each of the following prompts.

a. Briefly list the Ten Commandments in your own words (do not copy them word-for-word from the Bible).

Your answer in 75-100 words:

<Answer>

Truth and Commandments

b. Which three commandments are enforced by our legal system?

Your answer in 30-50 words:

<Answer>

c. Explain how the first four commandments might impact someone’s life.

Your answer in 125-150 words:

<Answer>

Truth and Commandments

d. Explain how the tenth commandment might impact someone’s life.

Your answer in 75-100 words:

<Answer>

e. What was Jesus’s response to the question, “What is the greatest commandment?” (Matthew 22:34-40). Why do you think he gave that answer?

Your answer in 75-100 words:

<Answer>

3. C. S. Lewis (1952) writes, “If you look for truth, you may find comfort in the end; if you look for comfort, you will not get either comfort or truth – only soft soap and wishful thinking to begin with and, in the end, despair” (p. 32). Christianity believes that reason is a God-given faculty to evaluate what is true.

How do faith and reason properly work together? Cite Chapter 7 of The Beginning of Wisdom textbook in your answer.

 

Your answer in 75-100 words:

<Answer>

Reference:

Lewis, C. S. (1952). Mere Christianity. New York, NY: Macmillan Publishing Company.

 

References: Truth and Commandments

What are the implications of truth being relative in your career?, What are the Ten Commandments in your own words?, Which commandments are enforced by law?, How might the first four commandments impact life?, How do faith and reason work together?

September 2, 2025
September 2, 2025

ECMO in Critical Care

My Therapeutic Modality/ Healthcare technology: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ecmo) Follow these guidelines when completing this assignment.

1) Choose a therapeutic modality or healthcare technology. ( Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ecmo)

2) Examples of a therapeutic modality include Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation, Automatic rotating pronation beds, right and/or left ventricular assist devices, nontraditional ventilator modes.

3) Examples of healthcare technology can include regional O2 saturation monitoring (NIRS). 4) Refer to your faculty member if your selection requires prior approval. 5) For writing assistance, visit the Writing Center. 6) Include the following sections (detailed criteria listed below and in the Grading Rubric):

a. Introduction – 5 points/5% • The chosen therapeutic modality or healthcare technology meets one of the following

criteria: ECMO in Critical Care

o Has been introduced recently at the bedside for care of the complex adult patient.

o Is a non-traditional modality for very ill patients in special circumstances. o Is being used in a new way to treat a patient with complex needs. o Requires specific training above and beyond general entry-level nursing

education. • Introduce the therapeutic modality or healthcare technology. • Name the therapeutic modality or healthcare technology. • A brief fictional case is used to illustrate the therapeutic modality or healthcare

technology. b. Explanation and Background– 15 points/15%

• Include a clear description of the therapeutic modality or healthcare technology. • Discuss how the therapeutic modality or healthcare technology works. • Describe the patient population it is used for. • Include medication, safety, and cost considerations as applicable.

c. Risks and Benefits– 15 points/15% • Describe how the therapeutic modality or healthcare technology can benefit the patient. • Discuss ways to promote positive outcomes. • Explain the complications that may arise. • Discuss considerations for preventing complications.

d. Interdisciplinary team’s Roles and Responsibilities– 20 points/20% • Identify all interdisciplinary team members caring for the patient, such as

respiratory therapy, assistive personnel, providers, case managers, clinical nurse specialists, and researchers.

• Describe the roles and responsibilities of each member of the healthcare team that is involved in the use of the therapeutic modality or healthcare technology.

• Discuss the roles and responsibilities of the nurse as a member of the interdisciplinary team caring for the patient.

• Discuss one challenge in working with an interdisciplinary team. e. Nursing Scope of Practice – 15 points/15%

• Discuss the knowledge needed for the Registered Nurse to provide care for the patient using the therapeutic modality or healthcare technology.

• Describe skills needed for the Registered Nurse to provide care for the patient using

ECMO in Critical Care

ECMO in Critical Care

therapeutic modality or healthcare technology. • Discuss attitudes needed for the Registered Nurse to provide care for the

patient using therapeutic modality or healthcare technology.

f. Patient Education – 20 points/20% • Describe the information to be taught to the patient and/or family. • Discuss how information will be taught. • Discuss potential cultural considerations to teaching • Explain how the effectiveness of the teaching will be evaluated.

g. Conclusion – 5 points/5% • Provide a summary of the paper. • No new information is introduced. • Include additional resources for further learning.

h. APA Style and Organization – 5 points/5% • References are submitted with paper. • Uses current APA format and is free of errors. • Grammar and mechanics are free of errors. • Completed 4–5 page paper (not including the title page or reference page) • At least three (3), nursing, scholarly, peer reviewed, primary sources from the last 5

years, excluding the textbook, are provided

.What is extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and how is it introduced?, How does ECMO work and which patient populations benefit?, What are the risks and benefits of ECMO?, What are the interdisciplinary roles in ECMO care?, What is the nurse’s scope of practice and patient education for ECMO?

September 2, 2025
September 2, 2025

Understanding Human Origins

Biological anthropologists are often called upon to educate the public regarding human biological and cultural diversity from a culturally relativist perspective. Whether the biological anthropologist is employed as a cultural resource manager, business consultant, or teacher, knowledge of how human diversity came about and what it means in terms of modern life gives them a better understanding of human actions and interactions.

For the summative assessment, you will step into the role of a biological anthropologist asked to provide recommendations for a museum exhibit centered on the origin and development of human beings. You will provide specific recommendations to illustrate basic elements of biological anthropology such as human evolution, variability, and adaptability, justifying your recommendations. Finally, you will assess the ethical implications of these recommendations and the relationship to cultural relativism.

The project is divided into  three milestones, which will be submitted at various points throughout the course to scaffold learning and ensure quality final submissions. These milestones will be submitted in  Modules Two, Four, and Five. The final product will be submitted in  Module Seven.

In this assignment, you will demonstrate your mastery of the following course outcomes: Understanding Human Origins

· Analyze human culture and environment for their impact on diversity in human evolution

· Illustrate the value of a cultural relativist perspective for ethically conducting biological anthropological research

· Deconstruct contemporary societal assumptions about diversity with respect to race using biological anthropological theoretical perspectives

· Analyze major fossils to determine their relationship to human evolution and variability

· Analyze the impact of primate anatomical evolution on extinct and modern primate behaviors using evidence-based examples

Prompt

Your museum exhibit recommendations memorandum should answer the following prompt. You will step into the role of a biological anthropologist who has been asked to consult on a museum exhibit geared toward younger patrons, specifically high school students. The museum exhibit is entitled “Understanding Humans: How Did We Get Here?” As the biological anthropologist, you have been asked to provide recommendations on how to teach the basic elements of biological anthropology such as human evolution, variability, and adaptability to the specified audience. To do so, you will select the key fossils, specimens, and artifacts that best convey these ideas. You will select fossils previously covered in the course. In addition to the display items, you will provide justification for their procurement to the funding organization, an important aspect of almost any career in anthropology. The funder will also need assurances that the ethical implications for procuring and displaying specimens and artifacts will be taken into consideration since they, in turn, must answer to donors.

Understanding Human Origins

Specifically, the following  critical elements must be addressed:

I. Impact of Primate Evolution: In this section, the museum would like visitors to learn about the impact of primate evolution on modern behaviors.

A. Identify  prominent examples that illustrate major trends in nonhuman primate anatomical evolution and provide a detailed explanation as to why you recommend the museum exhibit these primates. How do your chosen species demonstrate the major events of primate anatomical evolution?

B. Analyze the anatomy of your chosen primate species and discuss the relationship between anatomical evolution and  modern primate behaviors. What connections can you see between the primate anatomy and modern primate behaviors?

C. Identify examples from the fossil record that illustrate evidence of the  evolutionary split between apes and monkeys and, later, between apes and humans. How do these examples illustrate the major differences between apes, monkeys, and humans today? What are the behaviors of these extinct species?

D. What  ethical considerations are involved in deciding what information or items to display? For example, would it be better to use captive live animals to demonstrate primate behavior versus videos of primates in their natural habitat? Why? Are there any ethical considerations related to how the museum might obtain primate anatomical specimens or replicas?

II. Hominin Evolution: In this section, you will identify prominent fossils and illustrate their relationship to evolution and variability.

A. Identify  prominent hominin fossils that represent the trajectory of human evolution across time and geographic space, justifying your recommendations. To provide a sufficient representation, you will need to recommend multiple fossils.

B. Analyze the fossils you recommended for their value in understanding  human biological evolution, substantiating your analysis with research. In other words, what insight do these extinct species provide us when trying to understand human evolution? How do these species represent some of the major trends in human evolution?

C. Analyze the fossils you recommended for their value in understanding  human biological variation, substantiating your analysis with research. In other words, how does variation within these fossil species reflect the type of biological variation we see in modern humans? Think about things like stature, body shape, body size, and skin color—all of which vary wildly in our species. Do we see similar patterns in your chosen fossils or not?

D. Explain how the museum staff can  ethically obtain and display these fossils. Consider questions such as these in your response: Where will they get the fossils? Will compensation be necessary? Can they use the real fossil, or would a cast replica be preferable? Are there any downsides to using a replica? What considerations are involved in deciding how to protect and display the specimen?

III. Impact of Culture and Environment: In this section, the museum has asked how it might explain the impact of culture and the environment.

A. Explain the  biological aspects of a particular disease with respect to how it is connected to diversity in human genetics.

B. Analyze why certain  cultures have higher rates of your chosen disease than others, substantiating your explanation with research.

C. Analyze how the  environment (local climate, temperature, average rainfall, common infectious diseases) has impacted the diversity in human genetics related to the specific disease, substantiating your explanation with research. In other words, why might rates of your chosen disease be higher in populations that have adapted to certain conditions?

D. Explain the  ethical implications that may arise if the museum uses the specific disease in the exhibit, and how cultural relativism can be used to mitigate these implications.

IV. Deconstructing Race: In this section, the museum wants visitors to learn about race from an anthropological stance.

A. Explain what anthropologists mean when they say that race is a  social construct. Understanding Human Origins

B. Identify  modern-day  examples the museum could use in their display to illustrate how race is socially and culturally constructed.

C. Describe the difference between race and ethnicity. Why do  biological anthropologists use ethnicity to describe groups of people but not race?

D. Identify examples from human  genetics and biological anthropology that the museum could incorporate that will help reinforce the idea that race is a social construct rather than a biological reality.

E. Explain the relationship between biological anthropological views of race and  cultural relativism. Why is it important that a biological anthropologist employ a cultural relativist perspective when studying the concept of race in different cultures?

Your museum exhibit recommendations memorandum should be 8 to 12 pages in length (plus a cover page and references). Use double spacing, 12-point Times New Roman font, and one-inch margins and follow the most current APA guidelines.

What examples show primate evolution, Which hominin fossils illustrate evolution and variability, How do culture and environment affect diversity, How is race socially constructed, Why is cultural relativism important in anthropology