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October 2, 2025
October 2, 2025

Maryland’s Hospital Rate Setting Policy

  1. Select a state health policy reform innovation
  2. Discuss the rationale for the policy, how it was adopted (e.g., federal waivers, passage by state legislature), the funding structure, and (to the extent statistical data are available) its impact. ethical outcome based on evidence.
  3. Examples of state innovations include Maryland’s hospital rate setting, Vermont’s single payer system, and Massachusetts’ health reform
  • What is the rationale behind Maryland’s hospital rate setting policy?,

  • How was this policy adopted in Maryland?,

  • What is the funding structure of Maryland’s hospital rate setting system?,

  • What impact has this policy had on healthcare outcomes in Maryland?,

  • What ethical considerations are associated with Maryland’s hospital rate setting policy?,

  • How does Maryland’s hospital rate setting policy compare to other states’ approaches?

Maryland's Hospital Rate Setting PolicyComprehensive General Answer

Rationale for the Policy

Maryland’s hospital rate setting policy was established to control escalating healthcare costs, ensure equitable access to care, and maintain hospital financial stability. The policy aimed to eliminate cost-shifting between payers and promote efficiency within the healthcare system. By setting uniform rates for all payers, Maryland sought to create a more predictable and transparent healthcare pricing structure.

Adoption of the Policy

The policy was adopted through state legislation and was initially implemented in the 1970s. A significant milestone was the 1977 Medicare waiver, which granted Maryland the authority to set rates for Medicare and Medicaid, establishing an “all-payer” system. This approach allowed Maryland to negotiate rates with hospitals and insurers collectively, rather than individually. In 2010, Maryland became the first state to implement a hospital global budgeting program, which expanded to all 46 of the state’s acute care hospitals in 2014. Mathematica

Funding Structure

The funding structure of Maryland’s hospital rate setting system is based on a global budget for each hospital. Hospitals receive fixed annual budgets that cover all operating expenses, including salaries, equipment, and supplies. These budgets are negotiated with the Maryland Health Services Cost Review Commission (HSCRC) and are adjusted for inflation and other factors. The primary sources of funding are Medicare, Medicaid, and private insurers, all of which reimburse hospitals at the same rate for services rendered. CliffsNotes 

Impact on Healthcare Outcomes

The implementation of the hospital rate setting policy in Maryland has led to several positive outcomes: Maryland’s Hospital Rate Setting Policy

  • Cost Control: Maryland has experienced slower growth in hospital expenditures compared to the national average.

  • Access to Care: The policy has contributed to broader access to healthcare services across the state.

  • Quality Improvement: Hospitals have been incentivized to improve care quality to meet budgetary constraints.

However, challenges remain, including ensuring that hospitals maintain financial viability under fixed budgets and addressing disparities in care quality. PMC

Ethical Considerations

Ethical considerations associated with Maryland’s hospital rate setting policy include:

  • Equity: Ensuring that all populations, regardless of insurance status, have access to quality care.

  • Transparency: Maintaining clear communication about how rates are set and how funds are allocated.

  • Accountability: Holding hospitals accountable for both financial performance and patient outcomes.

These considerations are crucial to maintaining public trust and the effectiveness of the policy.

Comparison to Other States

Maryland’s approach to hospital rate setting is unique in the United States. While other states have explored similar models, Maryland’s long-standing system provides a comprehensive framework for cost control and quality improvement. Other states have faced challenges in implementing such systems due to political, financial, and administrative barriers. HealthCare Price Source

October 2, 2025
October 2, 2025

Colleague Response Guidelines

1) Read a selection of your colleagues’ posts and respond to at least two of your colleagues on two different days by answering your colleague’s questions about the Personal Legislative Agenda. Your responses should provide clarification, guidance, and/or support on the question described by your colleague.

Colleague Response Guidelines

2) Respond to at least two colleagues on two different days in one or more of the following ways:

  • Ask a probing question, substantiated with additional background information, evidence, or research.
  • Share an insight from having read your colleagues’ postings, synthesizing the information to provide new perspectives.
  • Offer and support an alternative perspective using readings from the classroom or from your own research in the Walden Library.
  • Validate an idea with your own experience and additional research.
  • Make a suggestion based on additional evidence drawn from readings or after synthesizing multiple postings.
  • Expand on your colleagues’ postings by providing additional insights or contrasting perspectives based on readings and evidence.Colleague Response Guidelines
  • How should you respond to at least two colleagues on two different days regarding their Personal Legislative Agenda questions?,

  • In what ways can you respond to colleagues’ posts (probing question, insight alternative perspective validation suggestion or expansion)?,

  • How should responses provide clarification guidance or support to your colleague’s questions?,

  • How can you substantiate your responses with additional background, evidence or research?,

  • How can you expand or contrast your colleagues’ postings using classroom readings or external research?,

  • What strategies can ensure your responses contribute meaningfully to discussion and learning?


Comprehensive General Answer

Responding to Colleagues
When engaging with colleagues on discussion posts regarding the Personal Legislative Agenda, it is important to respond to at least two colleagues on two different days. Responses should focus on addressing questions posed by the colleague and providing clarification, guidance, or support. This ensures an interactive discussion rather than a single, static reply.

Effective Response Methods
Responses can take multiple forms to enrich the discussion and promote critical thinking:

  1. Ask a Probing Question: Encourage deeper reflection by asking thoughtful questions that push your colleague to expand their ideas. For example, inquire about potential challenges in implementing their legislative priorities or how specific policies align with broader healthcare trends.

  2. Share an Insight: Reflect on the colleague’s post and synthesize the information with your own understanding or experience, offering new perspectives. This demonstrates active engagement and critical thinking.

  3. Offer an Alternative Perspective: Use classroom readings, scholarly articles, or Walden Library resources to provide evidence-based alternative viewpoints. Presenting contrasting perspectives respectfully promotes robust dialogue.

  4. Validate an Idea: Affirm ideas or positions shared by colleagues, providing support through your experience or additional research. Validation reinforces constructive dialogue and builds confidence.

  5. Make a Suggestion: Offer practical recommendations or strategies informed by evidence to enhance your colleague’s ideas or legislative agenda approach.

  6. Expand the Discussion: Build on colleagues’ postings by integrating related concepts, evidence, or contrasting perspectives. Expanding the conversation encourages deeper learning and the application of research to practice.

Substantiating Responses
Always support your responses with evidence from course readings, peer-reviewed literature, or reputable external sources. This strengthens credibility and models the use of evidence-based reasoning. Include citations where appropriate to maintain academic rigor.

Contribution to Learning
Effective responses contribute meaningfully by promoting dialogue, encouraging reflection, and supporting knowledge synthesis. By engaging thoughtfully and substantively, responses help colleagues refine their legislative agendas, consider new perspectives, and strengthen critical thinking skills.

October 2, 2025
October 2, 2025

Safe Medication Administration Reflection

The purpose of this reflection is to help students recognize and understand the importance of safe medication administration practices and provide a heightened awareness of the outcomes when an error has occurred.

Course outcomes: This assignment enables the student to meet the following course outcomes:

CO2: Identify characteristics of professional behavior, including emotional intelligence, communication, and conflict resolution. (POs 3, 5, and 6)

Safe Medication Administration Reflection

CO3: Demonstrate information literacy and the ability to utilize resources. (POs 3, 5, and 8)

Due date: Your faculty member will inform you when this assignment is due. The Late Assignment Policy applies to this assignment.

Total points possible: 75 points

Preparing the assignment:

Follow these guidelines when completing this assignment. The paper should be 2-3 pages excluding the title page. Speak with your faculty member if you have questions.

1. Click on the video link “Nurse Gwen Cox Learns from Her Patient Safety Mistake.” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2ZVO4qqpiH4

2. As you watch the video, imagine you are Gwen Cox, RN, or consider someone you love deeply as that patient.

3. Think about how the medication error occurred, beginning in the med room, to the bedside, to the event that occurred after the medication was administered. Then think about the long-term consequences for both the nurse, Gwen, and her patient.

 

Preparing for the written assignment:

Follow these guidelines when completing this assignment. Speak with your faculty member if you have questions.

1. Summary of Video (30 points/40%)

a. How does Gwen Cox define the nurse-patient relationship?

b. While in the medication room, which of the rights of medication administration was impacted?

c. What external factors led to the error?

d. What event provided evidence of a medication error?

Safe Medication Administration Reflection

e. What steps were taken to correct the error?

f. What was Gwen Cox’s reaction to the medication administration error?

2. Reflect on the content of the video (40 points/53%)

a. How can one error help change processes?

b. Describe how this video will impact you as a student nurse and a future registered nurse.

c. As a future nurse, how would you describe what the nurse-patient relationship should be?

d. Summarize how one error can improve patient safety.

e. Explain the steps you would follow to report a medication error.

f. How would you react to a medication error such as the one that Gwen Cox committed?

3. APA Style and Organization (5 points/6%)

a. Uses current APA format (title page and double spacing only required)

b. Grammar and mechanics are free of errors.

 

Please note that your instructor may provide you with additional assessments in any form to determine that you fully understand the concepts being evaluated.

NR-103 Safe Medication Administration Reflection Guidelines

 

NR103 Safe Medication Administration Reflection Guidelines Jul 2025 rev1.1 © 2025 Chamberlain University. All Rights Reserved. 1

 

Grading Rubric

Criteria are met when the student’s application of knowledge demonstrates achievement of the outcomes for this assignment.

 

Assignment Section and Required Criteria

(Points possible/% of total points available)

Highest Level of Performance High Level of Performance Satisfactory Level of Performance Unsatisfactory Level of Performance Section not Completed
Summary of Video

(30 points/40%)

30 points 26 points 23 points 11 points 0 points
Required criteria

1. How does Gwen Cox define the nurse-patient relationship?

2. While in the medication room, which of the rights of medication administration was impacted?

3. What external factors led to the error?

4. What event provided evidence of a medication error?

5. What steps were taken to correct the error?

6. What was Gwen Cox’s reaction to the medication administration error?

Includes 6 requirements for section.

 

Includes 5 requirements for section. Includes 4

requirements for the section.

Includes 3 requirements for the section. Includes less than 3 requirements per section.
Reflection

(40 points/53%)

40 points 34 points 30 points 15 points 0 points
Required Criteria

1. How can one error help change processes?

2. Describe how this video will impact you as a student nurse and a future registered nurse.

3. As a future nurse, how would you describe what the nurse-patient relationship should be?

4. Summarize how one error can improve patient safety.

5. Explain the steps you would follow to report a medication error.

6. How would you react to a medication error such as the one that Gwen Cox committed?

Includes 6 requirements for the section. Includes 5 requirements for the section. Includes 4 requirements for the section. Includes 3 requirements for the section. Includes less than 3 requirements for the section.
APA Style and Organization

(5 points/7%)

5 points 4 points 0 points
Required criteria

1. Uses current APA format (title page and double spacing only required).

1. Grammar and mechanics are free of errors.

Includes 2 requirements for section. Includes 1 requirement for the section. No requirements for this section presented
Total Points Possible = 75 points
  • How does Gwen Cox define the nurse-patient relationship?,

  • While in the medication room which of the rights of medication administration was impacted?,

  • What external factors led to the error?,

  • What event provided evidence of a medication error?,

  • What steps were taken to correct the error?,

  • What was Gwen Cox’s reaction to the medication administration error?,

  • How can one error help change processes?,

October 2, 2025
October 2, 2025

Personal Leadership Philosophy

· Identify two to three scholarly resources, in addition to this Module’s readings, that evaluate the impact of leadership behaviors in creating healthy work environments.

· Reflect on the leadership behaviors presented in the three resources that you selected for review.

· Reflect on your results of the CliftonStrengths Assessment*, and consider how the results relate to your leadership traits.

*not required to submit CliftonStrengths Assessment

The Assignment (2-3 pages):

Personal Leadership Philosophy

Personal Leadership Philosophies

Develop and submit a personal leadership philosophy that reflects what you think are characteristics of a good leader. Use the scholarly resources on leadership you selected to support your philosophy statement. Your personal leadership philosophy should include the following:

· A description of your core values.

· A personal mission and vision statement.

· An analysis of your CliftonStrengths Assessment summarizing the results of your profile

· A description of two key behaviors that you wish to strengthen.

· A development plan that explains how you plan to improve upon the two key behaviors you selected and an explanation of how you plan to achieve your personal vision. Be specific and provide examples.

· Be sure to incorporate your colleagues’ feedback on your CliftonStrengths Assessment from this Module’s Discussion 2.

 

 

Personal Leadership Philosophy

 

 

My discussion post

Completing the StrengthsFinder assessment provided valuable insight into my natural talents and leadership traits. My top five signature themes are Achiever, Relator, Learner, Responsibility, and Strategic. These themes highlight a strong internal drive for accomplishment, an emphasis on building meaningful relationships, a dedication to continuous learning, accountability for outcomes, and an ability to think critically about optionsm and pathways forward. Together, they reflect a leadership style that balances productivity with empathy and foresight.

Two core values that align closely with the results are integrity and lifelong learning. Integrity is tied to my Responsibility theme, as I naturally feel accountable to follow through on commitments and uphold trust. Lifelong learning reflects my Learner theme, as I am motivated to expand my knowledge and grow both personally and professionally.

Two strengths I recognize from my results are my work ethic (Achiever) and my ability to build strong connections (Relator). These strengths support my leadership in the ICU setting, where consistent performance and meaningful teamwork are essential for positive patient outcomes. My Achiever theme pushes me to set daily goals and maintain momentum, while my Relator theme helps me foster trust and collaboration among colleagues.

Two characteristics I would like to strengthen are my strategic foresight and balance between achievement and self-care. While my Strategic theme enables me to see multiple pathways, I would like to refine my ability to communicate those strategies more effectively to my team. Additionally, my Achiever theme often drives me to push forward relentlessly, which can risk burnout. Strengthening balance and resilience will ensure I can sustain long-term success as both a nurse and a leader.

Overall, the StrengthsFinder results affirmed many aspects of my leadership style while also pointing out areas for growth that will help me continue to develop as an advanced practice nurse.

References

Gallup. (2024).  CliftonStrengths for students: Top 5 report. Gallup Press. https://www.gallup.com/cliftonstrengths/en/home.aspx

Bowers, A., & Bartleet, M. (2022). Strengths-based leadership in nursing: Building resilience and engagement through CliftonStrengths.  Journal of Nursing Management, 30(6), 1512–1519. https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.13593

Sull, D., Sull, C., & Zweig, B. (2022). Toxic culture is driving the great resignation.  MIT Sloan Management Review, 63(3), 1–9. https://sloanreview.mit.edu/article/toxic-culture-is-driving-the-great-resignation/

Zanchetta, M. S., Schwind, J. K., & Aksenchuk, K. (2021). Fostering self-leadership and strengths use in nurses through reflective practice.  Journal of Clinical Nursing, 30(17–18), 2531–2543.  https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.15783

Response 1

Hello Anthony,

Thank you for laying out how you build connections in the unit. To strengthen that even more, consider formalizing peer coaching for nurses for a brief weekly check-in focused on one skill, one metric, and one follow-up, and close each shift with a minute after-action huddle to ask “what help? What should we change tomorrow?” Those small, repeatable efforts will provide good intentions into reliable habits and keep learning visible. As a strong nurse leader, it is essential to practice initiating, participating in, and advocating for knowledge translation across all settings (Chan et al., 2023).

Applying these efforts to leadership involves utilizing the achiever skill to define daily wins and maintain momentum, and employing responsibility skills to assign accountable owners and timelines, so that people look to you for direction and guidance (Rath, 2007). By utilizing relator skills, you can lead a huddle to address concerns and amplify support, as you are already excellent at developing relationships with those you are already familiar with (Rath, 2007). According to Chan et al. (2023), the authors emphasize that evidence-based practice is the current best practice, and utilizing a complex systems lens and transformational leadership can enhance the connection between research and proactive leadership skills.

Response 2

Thank you, Anthony, for providing your StrengthsFinder results and your insightful reflection. Your themes of Achiever, Relator, Learner, Responsibility, and Strategic exemplify a comprehensive leadership foundation that harmonizes productivity, collaboration, and strategic foresight. I concur with your acknowledgment of the significance of enhancing strategic foresight and sustaining equilibrium for resilience.

A suggestion to enhance your strategic theme is to engage in deliberate communication while outlining options for your team. Research indicates that effective leaders not only formulate strategies but also convert them into actionable and collective visions that motivate team members (Broome & Marshall, 2021). Consider utilizing structured communication tools, such as SBAR (Situation, Background, Assessment, Recommendation), to convey strategies clearly and succinctly in critical clinical environments.

Your Achiever theme signifies a strong drive for accomplishment, which is an invaluable asset; however, as you mentioned, it may also heighten the risk of burnout. A strategy to enhance this domain is the implementation of reflective leadership—intentionally pausing to assess priorities and delegate as necessary. Research indicates that leaders who harmonize self-care with productivity cultivate healthier work environments and enhance overall team performance (Shanafelt & Noseworthy, 2017). Implementing resilience practices, such as mindfulness and regular debriefings with colleagues, can safeguard your energy while maintaining optimal performance levels.

Your Relator and Learner themes present opportunities for transformative impact. Mentoring junior staff enhances relationships while exemplifying lifelong learning. This corresponds with evidence indicating that leaders who mentor and invest in employee development improve team engagement and retention (Boamah et al., 2018).

Your results reflect a leadership style rooted in integrity, development, and foresight. By enhancing the communication of strategic insights and prioritizing equilibrium, you can augment your influence as a nurse leader while preserving personal well-being.

  • Identify two to three scholarly resources that evaluate the impact of leadership behaviors in creating healthy work environments,

  • Reflect on the leadership behaviors presented in the selected resources,

  • Reflect on your CliftonStrengths Assessment results and relate them to leadership traits,

  • Describe your core values personal mission and vision statement,

  • Describe two key behaviors to strengthen and develop a plan to improve them and achieve your personal vision

October 2, 2025
October 2, 2025

Critical Appraisal Assignment

· Reflect on the four peer-reviewed articles you selected in Module 2 and the four systematic reviews (or other filtered high- level evidence) you selected in Module 3.

· Reflect on the four peer-reviewed articles you selected in Module 2 and analyzed in Module 3.

· Review and download the Critical Appraisal Tool Worksheet Template provided in the Resources.

The Assignment (Evidence-Based Project)

Critical Appraisal Assignment

Part 3A: Critical Appraisal of Research Critical Appraisal Assignment

Conduct a critical appraisal of the four peer-reviewed articles you selected by completing the Evaluation Table within the Critical Appraisal Tool Worksheet Template. Choose a total of four peer- reviewed articles that you selected related to your clinical topic of interest in Module 2 and Module 3.

Note: You can choose any combination of articles from Modules 2 and 3 for your Critical Appraisal. For example, you may choose two unfiltered research articles from Module 2 and two filtered research articles (systematic reviews) from Module 3 or one article from Module 2 and three articles from Module 3. You can choose any combination of articles from the prior Module Assignments as long as both modules and types of studies are represented.

Part 3B: Critical Appraisal of Research

Based on your appraisal, in a 1-2-page critical appraisal, suggest a best practice that emerges from the research you reviewed. Briefly explain the best practice, justifying your proposal with APA citations of the research.

  • Conduct a critical appraisal of the four peer-reviewed articles you selected by completing the Evaluation Table within the Critical Appraisal Tool Worksheet Template,

  • Choose a total of four peer-reviewed articles related to your clinical topic of interest from Modules 2 and 3,

  • Ensure that both unfiltered and filtered studies are represented in your article selection,

  • Based on your appraisal, write a 1–2-page critical appraisal suggesting a best practice that emerges from the research,

  • Briefly explain and justify the best practice proposal with APA citations from the reviewed research

October 1, 2025
October 1, 2025

Family of Origin Paper

Students will write about their family of origin. The finished assignment will adhere closely to APA formatting guidelines. The paper must be saved as a Microsoft WORD file. Other formats will not be accepted. The family paper is a required course assignment worth up to 100 points. Remember to use collegiate-level language, punctuation, grammar, and spelling. Spell check and edit the final draft before submitting it! Please refer to the course Syllabus and the Moodle classroom for additional information.

The following types of information should be included using these five headings within the family paper:

(a) FAMILY OF ORIGIN – Identify members of the family of origin. Providing only the first names of family members is acceptable. Include general descriptions, birth order, nick names, and personality styles. If appropriate, identify extended family members and their influence upon you and the family.

Family of Origin Paper

(b) FAMILY ROLES – Include a discussion of each family member’s role, including your own. Refer to the six general roles identified by Wegscheider (1981).

(c) BEHAVIORAL PATTERNS, FAMILY DYNAMICS, RELATIONAL PATTERNS – Describe behavioral patterns between family members. Describe the typical, dynamic and relational patterns between you and other family members. For example, identify any obvious triangles, sibling constellations, levels of functioning, special needs, boundaries, enmeshments, and so forth. What type of resources were available and/or accessed by the family of origin? What type of resources were available but not accessed by the family of origin? Why or why not?

(d) SIGNIFICANT LIFE EVENTS AND LESSONS – Describe significant events that impacted you and your family. Discuss family traditions, behaviors, values, beliefs, “life-lessons” that your family of origin passed on to you. Are there any behaviors, values, beliefs, or traditions that you currently endorse but your family of origin rejects or disagrees with? If so, how does this impact family members and/or family relationships?

(e) SELF-DESCRIPTION AND FAMILY INFLUENCE – Describe yourself as you were growing up and the impact that your family had on you. Relate individuals and family dynamics to your own personality and style development. Speculate about how might your life today be different without the family and/or how might your life today be with a different family group.

Grading Rubric

Name of Student ________ (type your name here)______________________

_____ of 10 points: The length of paper should be 4-to-6 pages of typed content (not counting the cover-sheet, instructions page, and rubric). The content of the family paper should be double-spaced and in 12-point Times New Roman font. Margins should be set at 1inch. Adhere closely to APA formatting with a running head on all pages, section headings, etc. You will not need to include a bibliography with this assignment unless sources and/or quoted materials are used within the body of the paper. A bibliography will not be counted in the required length of the paper. Be sure to type your name on the instructions and grading rubric pages. Spell check and edit before submitting the final draft! Ensure collegiate-level spelling, grammar, and punctuation is followed.

____Family of Origin Paper _ of 10 points: The WORD document is saved as ONE file. Multiple files will not be accepted. The correct page order should be as follows – (1) cover-sheet, (2) family paper, (3) instructions page, and (4) grading rubric. The cover-sheet should be the first page of the WORD document; it should be double-spaced, 12-point Times New Roman Font. The content on the cover-sheet should include the student’s first and last name, the title, call-numbers of the class, semester and year, and the title of the assignment. At the end of the family paper, include the instructions page and grading rubric. Be sure to type your name on the instructions and grading rubric pages as instructed. Otherwise, do not modify the instructions and grading rubric pages.

HEADINGS / SECTIONS:

_____ of 15 points: Family of Origin (see instructions)

_____ of 15 points: Family Roles (see instructions)

_____ of 15 points: Behavioral Patterns, Family Dynamics, Relational Patterns (see instructions)

_____ of 15 points: Significant Life Events and Lessons (see instructions)

_____ of 15 points: Self-Description and Family Influence (see instructions)

_____ of 5 points: Family Paper turned in on time using the appropriate uploading tool.

_____ Total Points (100 possible)

_____ Total Points Deducted for Late Submissions (10 points will be deducted on the first day it is late; 4 additional points will be deducted each day after the first day)

  • What members make up your family of origin and how can you describe them in terms of birth order nicknames and personality styles?,

  • What roles did each family member, including yourself take on according to Wegscheider’s (1981) six general roles?,

  • What were the behavioral patterns, family dynamics and relational patterns present in your family of origin including resources accessed or not accessed?,

  • What significant life events traditions beliefs and lessons shaped your family and are there any values you endorse now that differ from your family’s?,

  • How would you describe yourself growing up how did your family influence you and how might your life be different with another family group?

October 1, 2025
October 1, 2025

Essay Reflection

Point of view: The essay reflection will be written in the first person point of view.

The reflective essay is an opportunity for writers to critically assess the progress

they have made in thinking, researching, and writing about a chosen topic.

Writing a reflective essay allows a writer to tell the unique story of how a topic

idea, cultivated through research, grew into a paper. It is a chance to think in a

sustained way about the context, objectives, and process of a writing project.

Remember to talk specifically about choices you made regarding summarizing and

synthesizing sources in your paper. Use examples from your paper to help your readers

to understand your process.

Here are some questions that will help you to prepare for a reflective paper:

Context:

●Essay Reflection

What was the purpose of the essay? Do I think I achieved that purpose?

● What do research sources say about my chosen topic? Did the research say

different things than I expected it to say?

How did the readers react to the paper? What was interesting, surprising,

or difficult about the reactions to the paper?

Objectives:

Essay Reflection

What are my learning goals for the course? How did researching and writing

the essay help me to further those goals? What obstacles presented

themselves that hindered my progress towards those goals?

What ideas did I have about my topic when I began? How did the research

sources affect those ideas? Did my ideas change as a result of the

thinking, researching, and writing process?

Did researchers from different fields report different findings on the topic?

What information did I want readers to have as a result of reading the

 

paper? What information do I want readers to have now?

Process:

What was my experience in researching the topic?,

What was my experience in writing the paper?,

How did I synthesize sources in the papers?, What specific choices did I make?,

What challenges did I face as I did the work? What successes did I

achieve? How did I respond to these challenges and successes?

How did responses from other readers and writers change my process?

To receive additional labor points, incorporate at least 3 quotes and APA

citations from your research into this reflection.

Helpful Resources

Howo write a reflection paper.” (2021). How to guide. Trent University.

https://www.trentu.ca/academicskills/how-guides/how-write-university/how-approach-any-assign

ment/how-write-reflection-paper

As part of your reflection, consider how your thinking and writing evolved during this assignment. If you chose to use AI at any stage—such as brainstorming, organizing, revising, or clarifying your ideas—explain how you used it and why. You might describe how AI helped generate ideas or rephrase confusing parts of your draft, how it offered alternative ways to structure or approach the essay, or how its feedback compared with comments from your instructor or peers. If AI suggestions differed from human feedback, which did you find more helpful, and why? You are also encouraged to reflect on the experience of using AI itself: Did it support your learning or raise new questions for you? If you did not use AI, discuss that decision—what motivated it, and how did it affect your writing process? Regardless of your choice, focus on how your decisions shaped your growth as a writer and thinker.

As part of your reflection, consider how your thinking and writing evolved during this assignment. If you chose to use AI at any stage—such as brainstorming, organizing, revising, or clarifying your ideas—explain how you used it and why. You might describe how AI helped generate ideas or rephrase confusing parts of your draft, how it offered alternative ways to structure or approach the essay, or how its feedback compared with comments from your instructor or peers. If AI suggestions differed from human feedback, which did you find more helpful, and why? You are also encouraged to reflect on the experience of using AI itself: Did it support your learning or raise new questions for you? If you did not use AI, discuss that decision—what motivated it, and how did it affect your writing process? Regardless of your choice, focus on how your decisions shaped your growth as a writer and thinker.

Remember to acknowledge and describe any use of A.I. or LLMS in your Reflection.

 

A.I. and LLM Use

October 1, 2025
October 1, 2025

Deaf Culture Immersion

A local culture center hosted a Deaf community social for my observation. A informal evening social brought Deaf and hard-of-hearing people together to celebrate Deaf Awareness Month. Food, stories, games, and ASL-only conversation were exchanged at the meeting. Hearing allies and interpreters attended, but the event was Deaf-centered to promote inclusivity, cultural pride, and connection.

Visual communication’s importance in inclusive environments was a huge revelation. Besides communicating, ASL was a cultural anchor that united individuals. I saw how eye contact, space, and expression affect interactions. The society used visual cues in group games and storytelling, making the engagement very interactive. This contradicted my belief that communication limitations would make socializing harder. It was evident that shared language and culture strengthened friendships more than I imagined.

The second insight was how much Deaf culture values community and support. This event was focused on group inclusivity, unlike many popular events I’ve attended. Many people joined conversations, making sure newcomers could follow. Collective spirit showed Deaf resilience and solidarity. This confirmed my earlier studies that Deaf culture emphasizes clarity, patience, and involvement, but witnessing it personally showed how this manifests in real life.

Deaf Culture Immersion

Deaf Culture Immersion

Community definitions of “disability” were a third observation. The mood was empowerment and pride. Participants viewed Deaf identity as positive, linked to language and culture. I had been influenced by popular depictions of deafness as a disability that needed accommodation. The event showed that Deaf people view themselves as successful members of their cultural community.

These findings confirmed and expanded my understanding of Deaf culture. I knew from my preliminary study that Deaf culture is determined by language and community, but watching the activity helped me understand how this emerges. The celebration showed the Deaf community’s endurance, richness, and pride, demonstrating cultural traits I had only heard about.

References

Golos, D., Moses, A., Gale, E., & Berke, M. (2021). Building allies and sharing best practices: Cultural perspectives of Deaf people and ASL can benefit all. Journal of Multicultural Education15(2), 1–15. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1304976.pdf

Hands & Voices. (n.d.). Deaf culture & community. Communication Considerations A to Z. https://handsandvoices.org/comcon/articles/deafculture.htm

Deaf Vibes. (n.d.). The role of ASL in Deaf identity. https://deafvibes.com/ai-and-accessibility-technologies/asl-identity/

  • What activity or event did you observe within the Deaf community?,

  • What insights did you gain about communication in Deaf culture?,

  • What did you learn about the value of community and support in Deaf culture?,

  • How did the Deaf community’s view of “disability” differ from common societal views?,

  • How did this immersion expand or confirm your understanding of Deaf culture?

October 1, 2025
October 1, 2025

Cause and Manner of Death

Q1. Cause of death (5 points)
a.    What is immediate cause of death?
b.    What is Delayed (Underlying or proximate) cause of death?
c.    Provide examples of both immediate & delayed cause of death?

Q2. Case study (5 points)
A person hit by a car and suffered fractures in both lower limb bones; then died in the hospital after 2 weeks of pulmonary embolism.
a.    What is the cause of death?
b.    What is the manner of death?

Cause and Manner of Death

  • What is immediate cause of death?,

  • What is delayed (underlying or proximate) cause of death?,

  • Provide examples of both immediate and delayed cause of death?,

  • In the case study what is the cause of death?,

  • In the case study what is the manner of death?


Comprehensive General Answer

Q1. Cause of Death
a. Immediate cause of death is the final disease, injury, or complication that directly leads to death. It is the most proximate event that ends life.
b. Delayed (underlying or proximate) cause of death is the original disease, injury, or condition that starts the sequence of events ultimately leading to death. It sets in motion the chain of medical or pathological processes.
c. Examples:

  • Immediate cause: Cardiac arrest due to myocardial infarction; exsanguination from a ruptured artery; respiratory failure following pneumonia.

  • Delayed cause: Long-standing hypertension leading to myocardial infarction; a stab wound leading to infection and sepsis; chronic alcoholism leading to liver cirrhosis and eventual liver failure.

Q2. Case Study
A person was hit by a car, sustained fractures in both lower limb bones, and died two weeks later in the hospital from pulmonary embolism.
a. Cause of death: Pulmonary embolism, which developed as a complication of the fractures sustained in the accident.
b. Manner of death: Accident, since the injuries and subsequent medical complications were the result of being struck by a car.

October 1, 2025
October 1, 2025

Social Justice Across Development

Part of the mission of your independent, nonprofit news organization is advocacy for underrepresented groups in society and changes in government policies to support social justice causes. It is critical for organizations to help advocate for groups in society that have historically been underrepresented.

Your manager at your independent, nonprofit news organization wants you to write an article that advocates for social justice changes by showing the impact of social justice and diversity on different stages of human development.

You should use the social justice movement you selected for your Week 3 assignment.

Write a 700- to 1,050-word article that addresses the following:

Social Justice Across Development

  • Define social justice. Consider what makes up a just society. You may utilize the definition from your Week 3 assignment.
  • Discuss how you can identify social injustice and what is just and what is unjust or unfair.
  • For 3 different stages of development using Erik Erikson’s model of social development, summarize common psychological development or changes that occur in each stage.
  • Assess how social justice and diversity can impact psychological development at each of your 3 chosen stages, including examples of psychological impacts.
  • Explain the role of advocacy in the social justice movement you selected.
  • Based on the impacts on psychological development from the social justice movement you selected, discuss how advocacy can help an individual feel valued and understood.

Submit your assignment.

  • Define social justice. Consider what makes up a just society.,

  • Discuss how you can identify social injustice and what is just and what is unjust or unfair.,

  • For 3 different stages of development using Erik Erikson’s model of social development, summarize common psychological development or changes that occur in each stage.,

  • Assess how social justice and diversity can impact psychological development at each of your 3 chosen stages, including examples of psychological impacts.,

  • Explain the role of advocacy in the social justice movement you selected. Based on the impacts on psychological development discuss how advocacy can help an individual feel valued and understood.