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Author Archives: Academic Wizard

October 1, 2025
October 1, 2025

Wechsler Predicts Achievement

Find and read a peer-reviewed research journal article using intelligence or achievement testing in research and share what you learned from this article with your classmates. Specifically (and in your own words):

1. Why was the study conducted?,  What hypotheses were being tested?

2. What test(s) were used?,

3. What findings were reported, what conclusions were drawn

Wechsler Predicts Achievement

Comprehensive answer (in my own words)

Which article I read: a 2024 systematic review and meta-analysis examining whether Wechsler intelligence scales predict academic achievement in children with ADHD or autism spectrum disorder (Marinopoulou et al., 2024). PubMed+1

Why the study was conducted / hypotheses tested
The authors carried out the review because clinicians and researchers often use Wechsler scales (e.g., WISC) in assessments of children with ADHD or ASD, yet it remained unclear how well those test scores actually predict school-related outcomes in these clinical groups. The implicit hypotheses were that (a) Wechsler-derived indices (general IQ and specific indices such as working memory and processing speed) would show meaningful relationships with academic achievement in these populations, and (b) predictive strength might vary across indices and diagnostic groups. The review aimed to collect and synthesize existing studies to test those ideas. PubMed+1

What test(s) were used
Across the studies included in the review, the primary instruments were Wechsler intelligence scales (typical examples: WISC variants for school-age children; other Wechsler batteries where applicable). The review examined relations between the Wechsler global scores and subtest/index scores (e.g., Full Scale IQ, Working Memory Index, Processing Speed Index) and measures of academic achievement reported in each study. DIVA Portal

What findings were reported

  • Overall, the review found that Wechsler scales have value in predicting academic achievement among children with ADHD or ASD: general intelligence indices were generally positively associated with school outcomes. PubMed+1

  • Some specific cognitive indices (notably working memory and processing speed) were highlighted as particularly relevant to academic difficulties in these groups; these subcomponents can help explain variance in achievement beyond a simple full-scale IQ. PubMed+1

  • The authors also reported limitations in the literature: relatively small or heterogeneous samples (especially for ASD), varying study designs and achievement measures, and inconsistent reporting made pooled estimates less precise. DIVA Portal

What conclusions were drawn Wechsler Predicts Achievement

  • The review concluded that Wechsler instruments are useful tools for clinicians and educators when predicting academic outcomes in children with ADHD or ASD, but their predictive power is not absolute and must be interpreted in context (e.g., considering motivation, comorbidities, classroom supports). PubMed+1

  • The authors recommended that practitioners pay attention to specific index scores (working memory, processing speed) because these can suggest targeted interventions, and they called for more high-quality, larger-sample longitudinal research—especially in ASD—to clarify effect sizes and causal links. DIVA Portal+1

September 30, 2025
September 30, 2025

Medical Malpractice Case

Healthcare institutions are responsible for the quality of care that is provided within their settings. Institutions need to ensure that the healthcare professionals they employ have a strong working knowledge of ethics and law to be competent and successful. A qualified professional knows how to provide safe, quality healthcare to a population of culturally diverse consumers. To address the needs of all patients, institutions can adopt models such as shared decision making, where patients are encouraged to share their preferences and needs with providers. On a daily basis, healthcare institutions must ensure that ethical dilemmas involving patients and providers are addressed.

Medical Malpractice Case

Under certain circumstances, healthcare institutions and the professionals employed by the institutions can be sued by patients for negligence or malpractice.

For the Final Project of this course, you will analyze a court decision in which a hospital was found vicariously liable on a theory of apparent authority for professional malpractice in the form of negligence of an independent contractor. You will focus on facts pertaining to the medical standard of care, breach of care, and causation, and explain how they were applied to law. You will then use the facts of the case to identify an ethics issue and determine an ethical theory that would help provide a safe, quality healthcare experience for the patient. Next, you will apply a clinician–patient shared decision-making model to describe how the ethics issue could be resolved. You will also include a discussion about possible violations of the code of ethics in your given field. Lastly, you will augment or vary the facts of the case to create a hypothetical scenario that changes the outcome so that the hospital is no longer vicariously liable for professional malpractice in the form of negligence of an independent contractor.

Prompt

In this project, you will analyze a court case involving medical malpractice in the form of negligence. Using your analysis of the case, you will address the facts pertaining to the medical standard of care, breach of care, and causation. Further, you will use the facts from the original case to identify an ethics issue, determine an ethical theory that would help provide a safe and quality healthcare experience for the patient, apply a clinician–patient shared decision-making model, and augment or vary the facts of the case to change the outcome.

You will analyze the following case for your Final Project:

  • Popovich v. Allina Health System Medical Malpractice Case

Specifically, your case study must address the following critical elements:

  1. Recommendations: In this section, you will utilize the knowledge you gained from your malpractice and ethical analyses to recommend and defend strategies that would help improve medical practices and avoid future liability.
    1. Recommend preventative strategies the healthcare provider could implement to avoid liability in the future.
    2. Defend how your recommended preventative strategies would assist the healthcare provider in avoiding liability and provide a safe, quality healthcare experience for the patient.

Resources: https://law.justia.com/cases/minnesota/supreme-court/2020/a18-1987.html

  • What are the facts pertaining to the medical standard of care breach of care and causation?,

  • What ethics issue can be identified from the facts of the case?,

  • What ethical theory would help provide a safe and quality healthcare experience for the patient?,

  • How can a clinician–patient shared decision-making model resolve the ethics issue?,

September 30, 2025
September 30, 2025

Organizational Financial Audit

Create a concise and thorough program evaluation report on the financial state of the organization for the board of directors. You will utilize and revise the previous four weeks of work by applying the attached feedback, but also develop each section to incorporate the required information below for each section. Must use the provided section headers indicated below.

Executive Summary 

  • Create      a one-page executive summary of your findings and recommendations.
  • Analyze      if the organization’s mission statement is aligned with its practices.
  • Discuss      leadership and governance practices to enhance financial stability and      ethical oversight.

Organizational Financial Audit

Mission and Values  Organizational Financial Audit

  • Include      the revised report from section 1, incorporating feedback attached.
  • Note:        You will be developing an appendix section where detailed data must be        provided and referenced for each section.

Financial Form Literacy

  • Include      the revised report from section 2 incorporating feedback attached.
  • Note:        You will be developing an appendix section where detailed data must be        provided and referenced for each section

Endowment Recommendation 

· Include the revised report from section 3 incorporating feedback attached.

  • Develop      a summary of the financial strength of the organization – building on what      you have already in section 3.
    • Make       sure this section is very analytical, evaluative, and concise.
      • Note:        You will be developing an appendix section where detailed data must be        provided and referenced for each section.

Ethical Evaluation (use APA Level 1 section header)

  • Include      the revised report from section 4 incorporating feedback attached.
  • Note:        You will be developing an appendix section where detailed data must be        provided and referenced for each section.

Conclusion 

  • Develop      an overall conclusion section that summarizes your findings and reminds      readers of the main points of your report.

Appendix

  • Create      a set of appendices that align with each section of the reports that      includes adapted data from the information you provided in each of the sections      1, 2, 3, and 4. The appendices can be in graph form or include the specific      documents or forms referred to in each section that were reviewed for the      audit. The appendix should be organized as follows:

Appendix A: Section 1

Appendix B: Section 2

Appendix C: Section 3

Appendix D: Section 4

The Organizational Audit,

  • The Report must      be twelve to fifteen double-spaced pages in length (not including title      and reference pages) and formatted according to APA Style.
  • Must      organize your audit with APA level headings.
  • Must      include an introduction and a conclusion paragraph. Your introduction      paragraph needs to end with a clear thesis statement that indicates the      purpose of your paper.

· Must use at least six credible sources and document any information used from sources in APA style.Organizational Financial Audit

  • What are the findings and recommendations in the executive summary?,

  • Is the organization’s mission statement aligned with its practices?,

  • What financial form literacy issues are important for the board to understand?,

  • What is the financial strength of the organization and what endowment recommendations can be made?,

  • How do ethical practices impact financial oversight and stability?

September 30, 2025
September 30, 2025

Private vs. Public Payers

In your post, compare the characteristics and claims filing processes of private and public payers. What type of ethical issues could arise with personnel during the claims filing processes?

Imagine yourself sitting around a conference table with your instructor and classmates. This discussion topic will be similar. It is a place in which you can have lively conversations with your instructor and peers on the course content. These discussions will help you internalize the course content and become more comfortable with it. You should provide thoughtful responses using the course content to support your statements. Although these discussions are more informal, please be aware of how you are presenting yourself professionally. Please do not use slang and be aware of your spelling.

Private vs. Public Payers

What to Submit Private vs. Public Payers

Write an initial post (ideally 1 to 2 paragraphs) and reply to at least two posts during the week outside of your initial post thread.

  • What are the characteristics of private payers?,

  • What are the characteristics of public payers?,

  • How do claims filing processes differ between private and public payers?,

  • What ethical issues could arise during claims filing?,

  • Why is professionalism important in the claims process?


Comprehensive General Answer

Private and public payers differ in their characteristics and claims processes. Private payers, such as commercial insurance companies, often offer a variety of plan options with different levels of coverage, deductibles, and provider networks. Their claims filing process can be more complex, with different rules depending on the plan and insurer. Public payers, such as Medicare and Medicaid, have standardized rules set at the federal and state levels. While their guidelines are clearer, they are also stricter and subject to frequent policy updates. Claims to public payers often require strict adherence to coding and documentation standards to avoid denials.

Ethical issues may arise during claims filing regardless of payer type. Personnel might feel pressure to “upcode” services, misrepresent documentation, or adjust dates to secure higher reimbursement or avoid denials. Other ethical concerns include mishandling patient information, violating confidentiality, or submitting incomplete claims knowingly. These issues can lead to fraud, compliance violations, or loss of trust in the healthcare organization. Upholding accuracy, integrity, and transparency in claims filing is essential to both financial sustainability and professional responsibility.

September 30, 2025
September 30, 2025

Reimbursement and Departmental Impact

Much of what happens in healthcare is about understanding the expectations of the many departments and personnel within the organization. Reimbursement drives the financial operations of healthcare organizations; each department affects the reimbursement process regarding timelines and the amount of money put into and taken out of the system. However, if departments do not follow the guidelines put into place or do not capture the necessary information, it can be detrimental to the reimbursement system.

From the moment you make an appointment to see your physician, the provider needs to track all of the financial elements involved in providing care. Medical billing software is one component utilized to track the financial elements, from verifying insurance coverage and determining copayments, as well as sending claims electronically to various third-party payers. Revenue cycle management (RCM) describes the combined administration of these essential financial processes.

An important role for patient financial services (PFS) personnel is to monitor the reimbursement process, analyze the reimbursement process, and suggest changes to help maximize the reimbursement. One way to make this process more efficient is by ensuring that the various departments and personnel are exposed to the necessary knowledge.

Reimbursement and Departmental Impact

For your final project, you will assume the role of a supervisor within a PFS department and develop a white paper in which the necessary healthcare reimbursement knowledge is outlined. In Milestone One, you will take a closer look at how reimbursement impacts other healthcare departments, and you will dive deep into analyzing the revenue cycle, utilizing data, tracking records, and ensuring compliance within individual departments.

Pay-for-performance is a requirement for Medicaid Managed Care, Medicare, and commercial plans, requiring reporting on quality outcomes.

Prompt

Using the provided template in the Guidelines for Submission, submit a draft of Sections I and II of the final project. Specifically, the following critical elements must be addressed:

Reimbursement and Departmental Impact

  • Reimbursement and the Revenue Cycle
    • Describe what reimbursement means to a healthcare organization. What would happen if services were provided to patients but no payments were received for those services?
    • Illustrate the flow of the patient through the cycle from the initial point of contact through the care and ending at the point where the payment is collected
  • Departmental Impact on Reimbursement
    • Many different departments utilize reimbursement data in a healthcare organization. It is crucial the healthcare organization monitors this data. What impact could the healthcare organization face if this data were not monitored? Describe why collecting data is required for pay-for performance incentives.
    • Describe the activities within each department in a healthcare organization for how they may impact reimbursement. What specific data would you review in the reimbursement area to know whether changes were necessary?
    • Identify the responsible department for ensuring compliance with billing and coding policies. How does this affect the department’s impact on reimbursement in a healthcare organization?

What to Submit

Your paper must be submitted as a 3- to 4-page Microsoft Word document using the provided template. Sources should be cited in APA format.

  • What does reimbursement mean to a healthcare organization and what happens if no payments are received?,

  • What is the flow of a patient through the revenue cycle from initial contact to final payment?,

  • What impact could occur if reimbursement data is not monitored and why is data collection required for pay-for-performance incentives?,

  • What departmental activities impact reimbursement and what data should be reviewed to determine necessary changes?,

  • Which department ensures compliance with billing and coding and how does this affect reimbursement?

September 30, 2025
September 30, 2025

Idea’s Impact on BMC

In this discussion, you will explore the art of speculation and proactive problem-solving by reflecting on your experiences with the simulationso far and considering how your idea will reshape your company’s Business Model Canvas (BMC). This discussion aims to highlight the ripple effect of every decision. As leaders, it is essential to understand how to guide these ripples to ensure they create the intended impact.

Focus on the changes your idea might bring to key components of your selected company, such as value propositions, customer segments, revenue streams, or cost structures, and think critically about the potential impacts on the overall business model.

In your initial post, explain the potential changes your idea might bring to key components of the BMC. To help you reflect on how your idea might impact the BMC, answer the following guiding prompts:

Idea’s Impact on BMC

  • How does your idea affect the value proposition offered to customers? Will it enhance, alter, or introduce new value for your target audience?
  • What changes might your idea bring to the customer segments, channels, or relationships? Could it attract new customers, require different communication methods, or shift how you engage with your audience?
  • How could your idea influence the revenue streams, cost structure, or key resources needed to support the business model? Are there new financial opportunities or risks to consider?
  • Idea’s Impact on BMC

  • Compare the decisions you made in the simulation with the decisions you are making for your selected company.

In your responses to at least two of your peers, address the following prompt:

  • Consider and share the potential problems or challenges your peers might face when implementing their ideas.
    • How could these obstacles impact key components of the BMC, such as resources, partnerships, or cost structure?
  • How does the idea affect the value proposition for customers?,

  • What changes might the idea bring to customer segments channels or relationships?,

  • How could the idea influence revenue streams, cost structure, or key resources?,

  • What new financial opportunities or risks should be considered?,

  • How do the decisions in the simulation compare to decisions for the selected company?

September 30, 2025
September 30, 2025

Business Model Canvas

Congratulations on delivering a successful elevator pitch! Your achievement reinforces senior management’s confidence in their decision to hire you as the Chief Innovation Officer (CIO). They have entrusted you with identifying and capitalizing on new opportunities in the marketplace. You must now test the feasibility of your vision and idea to drive results.

Scenario

While the pitch conveyed your good idea, it was just that: an idea. You now must test the feasibility of your idea by building out each element of the Business Model Canvas (BMC). However, before you create a complete BMC, you want to quickly identify key elements needed to take your product or service idea to market.

This activity is typically a collaborative effort, so you will assume that your intended project team has contributed to completing each element. Remember, collaboration is a critical component of developing new ideas or innovative concepts. It brings together diverse perspectives, skills, and resources, which can significantly enhance the development process and outcomes. For instance, eventually you will need to work with the company’s marketing and sales teams, and also external vendors and suppliers to effectively promote and sell your product or service.

Business Model Canvas

Directions

For this assignment, create a BMC. Consider the company you have selected and the work you have completed so far to further your business idea. Remember, a BMC can significantly transform a business idea into a structured plan, enabling clear analysis, strategic alignment, and effective communication. It can refine the idea and also lay the groundwork for sustainable growth and innovation, making it an essential tool for any leader and strategist.

Specifically, you must address the following rubric criteria:

  1. Value Proposition: Complete the Value Proposition building block.
    1. Describe the value of your business idea, such as the customer need you are satisfying or the problem you are solving.
  2. Front-Stage Considerations: Outline the segments related to your potential customers:
    1. Customer Segments
    2. Channels
    3. Customer Relationship building blocks
  3. Back-Stage Considerations: Make initial assumptions about how your business will work, including:
    1. Key Activities
    2. Key Resources
    3. Key Partner building blocks
  4. Financial Considerations: Make reasonable assumptions about the segments that will inform your profit projections:
    1. Cost Structure
    2. Revenue Stream building blocks
  5. Business Model Canvas

The project management consultant experienced in product-to-market initiatives has agreed to assess your completed BMC slide deck, which you will resubmit with edits based on their feedback in Module Five.

What to Submit

Complete and submit the Business Model Canvas Template. Any sources cited should use APA formatting.

  • What is the value proposition of the business idea?,

  • Who are the customer segments and what channels and relationships will reach them?,

  • What key activities resources and partners are needed?,

  • What are the major cost structures of the business?,

  • What are the expected revenue streams?

September 30, 2025
September 30, 2025

Prospective Payment Systems

This short paper assignment is an opportunity to show what you learned in your module reading about the significance of payment systems.

Directions

Craft a short paper responding to the following questions. Incorporate at least two scholarly resources, as well as healthcare sector-specific information, into your responses. Be sure to articulate your ideas in your own words and include appropriate citations in APA format.

Specifically, you must address the following:

  1. Prospective Payment Systems: Define prospective payment systems (PPS) using specific examples.
  2. Impact of Payment Systems: Evaluate the impact of payment systems for healthcare reimbursement. How do PPS impact operations in healthcare organizations?

What to Submit Prospective Payment Systems

Submit your short paper as a 2- to 4-page Microsoft Word document with double spacing, 12-point Times New Roman font, and one-inch margins. Sources should be cited according to APA style.

  • What are prospective payment systems (PPS)?,

  • What are examples of prospective payment systems?,

  • What is the impact of payment systems on healthcare reimbursement?,

  • How do prospective payment systems impact healthcare operations?,

  • Why are PPS significant in the healthcare sector?

Prospective Payment Systems


Comprehensive General Answer

Introduction
Healthcare payment models directly shape how providers deliver services, allocate resources, and pursue efficiency. Among these models, prospective payment systems (PPS) are particularly significant because they shift the focus from volume-based reimbursement to predetermined rates for services. Understanding the mechanisms and effects of PPS is critical for evaluating their role in healthcare reimbursement and organizational operations.

Prospective Payment Systems Defined
Prospective payment systems are reimbursement methods in which healthcare providers receive a fixed, pre-established amount for services, regardless of the actual costs incurred. The payment is determined in advance based on the classification of services, diagnoses, or patient characteristics. A common example is the Medicare Inpatient Prospective Payment System (IPPS), which reimburses hospitals a set amount per case using diagnosis-related groups (DRGs). Another example is the Outpatient Prospective Payment System (OPPS), which applies predetermined rates to outpatient services. These models create financial predictability and encourage providers to manage costs effectively.

Impact on Healthcare Reimbursement
PPS transformed healthcare reimbursement by discouraging cost-based payments, which often led to escalating expenditures. Instead, PPS incentivizes efficiency, as providers retain savings if they deliver care at lower costs than the fixed payment. However, these systems also create challenges, such as the risk of under-provision of care if providers overly prioritize cost-cutting. For payers like Medicare and Medicaid, PPS helps control spending while maintaining consistent payment structures.

Operational Impacts on Healthcare Organizations
Healthcare organizations must adapt operationally under PPS. Hospitals and clinics often implement stricter case management, evidence-based practices, and utilization review processes to avoid financial losses. Emphasis is placed on efficiency, reducing unnecessary tests or extended hospital stays. PPS also encourages investment in technology and data analytics to improve coding accuracy and monitor resource utilization. At the same time, organizations must balance efficiency with quality metrics, as regulatory agencies monitor outcomes closely to ensure patient care is not compromised.

September 30, 2025
September 30, 2025

Social Impact of Business

Directions: Be sure to save an electronic copy of your answer before submitting it to Ashworth College for grading. Unless otherwise stated, answer in complete sentences, and be sure to use correct English, spelling, and grammar. Sources must be cited in APA format. Your response should be four (4) double‐spaced pages; refer to the “Format Requirements” page for specific format requirements.

Describe the roles of the World Bank (WB), International Monetary Fund (IMF), and World Trade Organization (WTO) in the acceleration of globalization. Be sure to address how these international financial and trade institutions support the spread of trade across borders, including the flow of goods and services, capital, and labor, as well as how they serve to expand collaboration for economics, technology, culture, and politics.

Social Impact of Business

Grading Rubric

Please refer to the rubric below for the grading criteria for this assignment.

  • What is the role of the World Bank (WB) in globalization?,

  • What is the role of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) in globalization?,

  • What is the role of the World Trade Organization (WTO) in globalization?,

  • How do these institutions support trade across borders including goods services capital and labor?,

  • How do they expand collaboration in economics technology culture and politics?


Comprehensive General Answer

Introduction
Globalization, characterized by the increased interconnectedness of economies, societies, and cultures, has been shaped by the efforts of key international institutions. The World Bank (WB), the International Monetary Fund (IMF), and the World Trade Organization (WTO) play central roles in enabling economic integration, promoting trade liberalization, and supporting financial stability. Collectively, these organizations provide infrastructure financing, economic policy support, and frameworks for international commerce. Their roles extend beyond economics, influencing collaboration in technology, culture, and politics.

Role of the World Bank (WB)
The World Bank’s primary mission is to reduce poverty and foster development by financing projects in infrastructure, education, health, and governance. By funding development initiatives in low- and middle-income countries, the WB enables these nations to integrate into the global economy more effectively. For instance, road and port projects supported by the WB directly enhance the flow of goods and services across borders. Furthermore, investment in digital infrastructure expands access to global markets and promotes technology transfer, enhancing globalization. The WB also supports reforms in governance and regulatory systems, creating environments that encourage international investment and collaboration.

Role of the International Monetary Fund (IMF)
The IMF ensures global monetary stability by providing financial assistance and policy guidance to member states. During crises, such as balance-of-payment deficits, the IMF offers loans that stabilize economies and allow continued participation in global trade. The organization also promotes economic cooperation through surveillance of international financial systems, offering recommendations to avoid destabilizing practices. By facilitating capital flows and currency stability, the IMF strengthens cross-border trade and investment. Its programs often include reforms that align domestic economies with global standards, further integrating them into the world economy.

Role of the World Trade Organization (WTO)
The WTO is the chief institution responsible for overseeing international trade rules. Its function is to reduce trade barriers, settle disputes, and ensure fair and predictable trading conditions among member states. By advocating for free trade and nondiscrimination, the WTO promotes the flow of goods, services, and labor across national borders. For example, agreements under the WTO framework have significantly reduced tariffs, boosting global supply chains and enabling countries to specialize according to comparative advantage. The WTO also supports small economies by providing mechanisms to participate in global markets more competitively.

September 30, 2025
September 30, 2025

COVID-19 Economic Impacts

Prior to beginning work on this assignment,

· Review Chapter 10 of Macroeconomics: Private and Public Choice.

· Review Special Topic 5 of Macroeconomics: Private and Public Choice (pages 441 to 448).

· Review Chapters 1, 3, and 6 of Inflation: What It Is, Why It’s Bad, and How to Fix It.

· For this assignment, assume the role of an economic advisor to Steve Forbes. Using this week’s required resources and at least two additional credible sources, prepare an 8-10 slide audio (I Will do the Auto) PowerPoint presentation, with speaker notes, to communicate with Mr. Forbes about the pandemic’s causes and responses.

COVID-19 Economic Impacts

· Address the following questions in your presentation:

· What was the economic impact of COVID-19? Address any monetary and fiscal policies used during or after COVID-19.

· Has the crisis changed the structure of the U.S. economy?

· Were there differences between countries on how they handled the crisis? Provide at least one economic policy example.

· What economic advice would you give Mr. Forbes to avoid difficulties in similar situations?

· In this presentation include an additional section with the following:

· Explain economic activity during or after COVID-19 using research from the library and/or an online article. Be sure to include the reference material for the article.

· Analyze the underlining fiscal and monetary policies (if any) inherent within your selected article.

· Summarize the economic principles you have learned from your selected article and how they could apply to modern government policy.

· The COVID-19: Causes and Responses audio presentation

· must be eight to ten slides in length (not including title and references slides) and formatted according to APA Style.

Must include a separate title page with the following:

· Title of paper in bold font

· Space should appear between the title and the rest of the information on the title page.

· Student’s name

· Name of institution

· Course name and number

· Instructor’s name

· Due date

Must utilize academic voice.

Must include an introduction and conclusion paragraph. Your introduction paragraph needs to end with a clear thesis statement that indicates the purpose of your paper.

Must use at least seven credible sources in addition to the course text.

Must document any information used from sources in APA Style.

Should avoid over-dependence on direct quotes

· Direct quotes are a great way to strengthen our assertions and provide support. However, be sure to avoid using excessive direct quotes in lieu of original thought. Direct quotes will not meet the requirement for analysis, application, and critical thinking. Please ensure to not overuse direct quotes so that you can avoid losing points for this.

  • What was the economic impact of COVID-19 and what monetary and fiscal policies were used?,

  • Has the crisis changed the structure of the U.S. economy?,

  • Were there differences between countries in handling the crisis, and what is one example?,

  • What economic advice should be given to avoid future difficulties?,

  • How did economic activity evolve during or after COVID-19 and what policies were reflected in scholarly research?