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November 26, 2025
November 26, 2025

Annotated Bibliography: Sarah Case

Author By Academic Wizard Categories Blog

Annotated Bibliography: Sarah Case

For your Signature Assignment for this course, you will submit a written response to a case study, incorporating at least three scholarly sources including your textbook.

This week, you will prepare for the Signature Assignment by creating an annotated bibliography.

1. Review the Signature Assignment instructions. The Signature Assignment is due in Week 8.

2. Watch the Case StudyLinks to an external site.

3. Read details about the case study below.

4. Locate four (4) scholarly resources to be used as you complete the Signature Assignment.

For each source:

• List the source in APA Style. The references should be organized alphabetically by the author on the References list.

• Follow the source with a brief annotation that summarizes the source information (approximately 3–5 sentences). You may quote briefly from the source, but do not copy and paste from the abstract. Include internal citations as needed

• In 1 or 2 sentences, explain and evaluate the source’s relevance and significance to your thesis. Does the information from this source support or discredit your thesis?

• Use an academic tone and style.

Annotated Bibliography: Sarah Case

Case Study Details (read after viewing the case study video):

Neuroscience: Sarah’s difficulties in language acquisition, social communication, and attention, alongside abnormalities in brain development, particularly in areas associated with language processing, attention, and emotional regulation, suggest underlying neurobiological factors. The decreased activity in the prefrontal cortex points to deficits in executive functioning and cognitive control. These findings highlight the intricate interplay between brain regions and their effect on cognitive and behavioral functioning.

Consciousness and Cognitive Functioning: Sarah’s level of consciousness appears intact, but her cognitive abilities are significantly affected. Her awareness may be compromised in social contexts due to difficulties in social communication. Attentional deficits and executive dysfunction likely contribute to her challenges in maintaining focus

 

 

and expressing thoughts verbally. These factors collectively influence her level of consciousness and cognitive processing.

Thinking and Learning: Sarah’s cognitive processes are impaired, particularly in abstract thinking, problem-solving, and academic performance. These challenges align with the characteristics of neurodevelopmental disorders like autism spectrum disorder (ASD), affecting her ability to navigate academic tasks and everyday problem-solving situations effectively.

Development and Memory: Sarah’s developmental milestones are delayed, and it’s evident in her struggles with language acquisition and social communication skills since early childhood. Her memory processes may also be affected with weaknesses in encoding, storage, and retrieval of information. However, she may possess strengths in certain mnemonic abilities, which could be explored further to support her learning and development.

Psychological Disorders: Based on Sarah’s presentation and assessments, she meets the criteria for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This diagnosis encompasses her difficulties in social communication, restricted interests, and repetitive behaviors. The effects of ASD on Sarah’s psychological well-being underscores the importance of early intervention and comprehensive support to address her complex needs effectively.

Motivation and Emotion: Sarah’s motivation levels appear low, possibly influenced by her difficulties in social interaction and academic performance. Additionally, her challenges with emotional regulation contribute to her withdrawn behavior and overall adjustment. Understanding these factors is crucial in developing tailored interventions to enhance her motivation and emotional well-being.

 

Visit these sources to learn more about the annotated bibliography:

• Annotated Bibliography (This is a link to the library.)

• Annotated Bibliography TemplateDownload Annotated Bibliography Template

Visit the Writing Resources link under the Student Resources Tab to learn more about annotated bibliographies.

PSYC_160_OL – Annotated Bibliography

 

 

PSYC_160_OL – Annotated Bibliography

Criteria Ratings

This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeAnnotated Bibliography

20 to >17.33 ptsExceeds ExpectationsSources are highly relevant to the topic and add greatly to research potential. Few, if any, additional sources are needed. All sources are from credible, scholarly, peer- reviewed materials. All main/critical points of the research study are included for each annotation. Annotations succinctly and comprehensively describe the source material.

17.33 to >15.8 ptsMeets ExpectationsSome sources are relevant to the topic. May require additional sources. Most sources are from credible, scholarly, peer-reviewed materials. Main/critical points of the research study are included but may be lacking in detail for each annotation. Most annotations are succinct and generally describe the source material.

15.8 to >11.8 ptsApproaches ExpectationsFew sources are relevant to the topic. Requires additional sources. Some sources are from credible, scholarly, peer-reviewed materials. Main/critical points of the research study are lacking in detail for each annotation. Some annotations are succinct and generally describe the source material.

11.8 to >0 ptsNot Meeting ExpectationsSources are not relevant to the topic. Extensive additional research is needed. Sources lack credibility. Main/critical points of the research study are absent or significantly lacking in detail for each annotation and/or some annotations may be missing.

 

 

PSYC_160_OL – Annotated Bibliography

Criteria Ratings

This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeReview/ Critique of Scholarly Research

20 to >17.33 ptsExceeds ExpectationsFully answers all questions posed and demonstrates a sophisticated ability to critically think about and evaluate scholarly research. Provides substantial, relevant, and clear explanations that are insightful and well-supported.

17.33 to >15.8 ptsMeets ExpectationsAnswers all questions posed and demonstrates ability to critically think about and evaluate scholarly research. Provides explanations that are well-supported.

15.8 to >11.8 ptsApproaches ExpectationsAnswers most questions posed and demonstrates some ability to critically think about and evaluate scholarly research.

11.8 to >0 ptsNot Meeting ExpectationsMost questions posed are not answered. Work does not demonstrate the student’s ability to critically think about and evaluate scholarly research.

This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeAPA Style

5 to >4.5 ptsExceeds ExpectationsThe assignment accurately and consistently follows APA Style. Meets length and formatting requirements of the assignment.

4.5 to >3.95 ptsMeets ExpectationsThe assignment consistently follows current APA Style with only isolated and inconsistent mistakes. Mostly meets length and formatting requirements of the assignment.

3.95 to >2.95 ptsApproaches ExpectationsThe assignment has numerous errors in APA Style. Reflects incomplete knowledge of APA Style. May not meet length and formatting requirements of the assignment.

2.95 to >0 ptsNot Meeting ExpectationsThe assignment has significant errors in APA Style. Does not meet length and formatting requirements of the assignment.

 

 

PSYC_160_OL – Annotated Bibliography

Criteria Ratings

This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeWriting Mechanics

5 to >4.5 ptsExceeds ExpectationsThe writing demonstrates sophisticated clarity and conciseness and is extremely well organized. Punctuation, spelling, and capitalization are all correct with minimal to no errors.

4.5 to >3.95 ptsMeets ExpectationsThe writing is clear, concise, and well organized. May contain a few punctuation, spelling, or capitalization errors.

3.95 to >2.95 ptsApproaches ExpectationsWriting lacks clarity, conciseness, or organization. Several errors in punctuation, spelling, and capitalization detract from the readability of the paper.

2.95 to >0 ptsNot Meeting ExpectationsThe writing is unfocused and poorly organized. Many errors in punctuation, spelling, and capitalization detract from the readability of the paper.

Total Points: 50

 

Annotated Bibliography

Your Name Here

University Name

Course Number: Course Name

Instructor’s Name

Due Date

2

Below are sample entries for an Annotated Bibliography. A bibliography is a list of sources that

are relevant to your research, and an annotation is a short summary (150-200 words) describing

 

 

the source. Sometimes, you may be asked to evaluate the source as well as summarize it. After

all your items are listed, rearrange the items so the final version is in alphabetical order. Make

sure to save this and remove all directions for formatting.

The Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed.) states the

following formatting rules:

• The text and the reference list should be double-spaced.

• Numbering starts on the title page, at the top right of the page.

• There should be 1 inch (2.54 cm) margins all around (top, bottom, left, and right) on each

page.

• Use Times Roman font, or a similar serif font.

• Reference list entries must have a hanging indent

• Each annotation should be a new paragraph below its reference entry. Indent the entire

annotation 0.5 in. from the left margin.

3

Annotated Bibliography

American Psychological Association. (2020). Publication manual of the American Psychological

Association (7th ed.). https://doi.org/10.1037/0000165-000

Highlight this passage and replace it with your annotation. In a descriptive annotation,

you merely describe what the book, web page, or article is about. In a critical

bibliography, you provide a descriptive annotation, and you evaluate the success or

reliability of the book, web page, or article. You might also compare or contrast the

source with another source on the topic.

Barthelemy, J., & Geyer, D. (2005). An empirical investigation of IT outsourcing versus

outsourcing in France and Germany. Information & Management, 42, 533-542.

  • Describe the intervention (what is it meant to impact) and its target population and format for delivery,

  • Summarize at least 2 studies that evaluated the intervention with an experimental design that evaluates the intervention quantitatively,

  • For each study: Describe the study design population type demographic information and sample size,

  • For each study: What outcome measures were used to evaluate the success or impact of the intervention citing and interpreting relevant statistics,

  • Investigate and describe how you would implement this intervention in a community setting (involvement, fidelity, training, cost, clinician difficulties, co-occurring disorders),

November 26, 2025
November 26, 2025

Intervention Research Summary

Author By Academic Wizard Categories Blog

Intervention Research Summary

Describe the intervention (what is it meant to impact) and its target population  and the length and format (individual or

group therapy, typically) for its delivery.

Section Two:

▪ Summarize at least 2 studies that evaluated the intervention with an experimental

design that evaluates the intervention quantitatively. These studies should have been

published during or after 2003.

Intervention Research Summary

▪ For each research study:

o Describe the study design, the population type, demographic information, and

sample size.

o What specific outcome measures were used to evaluate the success or impact of

the intervention, citing, and interpreting the relevant statistics.

o Major findings along with limitations of the research

addressed).

Section Three:

▪ Investigate and describe how you would implement this intervention in a community

treatment setting. Make sure to answer all the following questions:

o What would be involved?

o Are there fidelity measures that evaluate how well the clinician is adhering to

the original researcher’s design?

o Are training manuals available and at what cost?

o What are the costs associated with receiving training in how to implement this

model?

o What difficulties do you think community-based clinicians would have in

delivering it?

o How does the intervention’s content address any co-occurring disorders the

individual might have (either MH or SUDs)?

  • Describe the intervention (what is it meant to impact) and its target population and the length and format (individual or group therapy typically) for its delivery,

  • Summarize at least 2 studies that evaluated the intervention with an experimental design that evaluates the intervention quantitatively,

  • For each research study: Describe the study design the population type demographic information and sample size,

  • For each research study: What specific outcome measures were used to evaluate the success or impact of the intervention citing and interpreting the relevant statistics,

  • Investigate and describe how you would implement this intervention in a community treatment setting (including fidelity measures, training, costs, clinician difficulties, and addressing co-occurring disorders),

November 26, 2025
November 26, 2025

Gender and Social Roles

Author By Academic Wizard Categories Blog

Gender and Social Roles

Complete this template by replacing the bracketed text with the relevant information.

Part One

Apply the foundational concepts of gender schema theory to address each of the following rubric criteria in 2 to 3 sentences:

Describe how gender schema theory explains the ways in which you process information about masculinity and femininity within your culture.

[Insert text]

Describe the potential socio-psychological advantages of possessing a unique combination of masculine and feminine personality traits.

[Insert text]

Describe how the deconstruction of traditional gender roles supports efforts toward achieving gender equality (e.g., pay equity, political representation, organizational leadership).

[Insert text]

Describe the strengths and limitations of gender schema theory as it applies to the promotion of diversity, equity, and inclusivity.

[Insert text]

Gender and Social Roles

Part Two

Apply the foundational concepts of social role theory to address each of the following rubric criteria in 2 to 3 sentences:

1. Describe how social role theory explains the ways in which cultural norms reinforce the biological foundations of social roles.

[Insert text]

Describe the influence of social role expectations within the various levels of your social ecosystem.

[Insert text]

Describe the ways in which your social, cultural, or spiritual attitudes might reinforce social role stereotypes.

[Insert text]

 

Describe the strengths and limitations of social role theory as it applies to the promotion of diversity, equity, and inclusivity.

[Insert text]

  • Describe how gender schema theory explains the ways in which you process information about masculinity and femininity within your culture,

  • Describe the potential socio-psychological advantages of possessing a unique combination of masculine and feminine personality traits,

  • Describe how the deconstruction of traditional gender roles supports efforts toward achieving gender equality,

  • Describe the strengths and limitations of gender schema theory as it applies to the promotion of diversity equity and inclusivity,

  • Describe how social role theory explains the ways in which cultural norms reinforce the biological foundations of social roles,

November 26, 2025
November 26, 2025

Criminal Procedure Concepts

Author By Academic Wizard Categories Blog

Criminal Procedure Concepts

Respond to the following questions.

  • What is the significance of Rogers v. Richmond?
  • What is the significance of Townsend v. Sain?
  • When does the right to counsel kick in during interrogation?
  • Miranda v. Arizona established a “bright line” rule regarding warnings to suspects.   State and give the reasons for the rule.
  • Identify three types of detentions that are not custodial.
  • Is there a constitutional right to the exclusionary rule?  Explain your answer.
  • Identify the rationale for the attenuation, independent source, and inevitable discovery exceptions to the exclusionary rule.
    Criminal Procedure Concepts

    • What is the significance of Rogers v. Richmond?,

    • What is the significance of Townsend v. Sain?,

    • When does the right to counsel kick in during interrogation?,

    • Miranda v. Arizona established a “bright line” rule regarding warnings to suspects. State and give the reasons for the rule.,

    • Identify three types of detentions that are not custodial.,

    • Is there a constitutional right to the exclusionary rule? Explain your answer.,

    • Identify the rationale for the attenuation, independent source, and inevitable discovery exceptions to the exclusionary rule.,

    1. Significance of Rogers v. Richmond (1961)

    Rogers v. Richmond set a critical standard for determining the admissibility of confessions. The Supreme Court held that courts must focus not on whether a confession is true, but on whether it was obtained voluntarily. In the case, police falsely told Rogers that his wife would be arrested if he did not confess. The Court determined that coercion, threats, or psychological pressure make a confession involuntary, regardless of whether the defendant was actually guilty. This decision reinforced the Due Process Clause by clarifying that methods of interrogation must be constitutionally acceptable and not abusive.

    2. Significance of Townsend v. Sain (1963)

    Townsend v. Sain expanded the concept of involuntary confessions. The Supreme Court ruled that a confession is involuntary if it is given while a defendant is under the influence of drugs or substances that impair their rational capacity—even if police did not administer them intentionally. Townsend had been given a drug with “truth serum-like” effects in jail, and his confession followed. The Court stated that mental capacity, drug effects, or medical conditions that impact the suspect’s free will can render a confession unconstitutional. The case also emphasized a defendant’s right to a federal evidentiary hearing if state courts fail to fully investigate claims of involuntary confessions.

    3. When the Right to Counsel Begins During Interrogation

    The Sixth Amendment right to counsel applies once formal criminal proceedings have begun—such as indictment, arraignment, or filing of charges.
    However, the Fifth Amendment right to counsel (under Miranda) begins earlier, as soon as a suspect is:

    • in custody, AND

    • subjected to interrogation.

    If both conditions are met, law enforcement must inform the suspect of their right to counsel and must stop questioning if the suspect invokes it.

    4. Miranda v. Arizona and the “Bright Line” Rule

    The Supreme Court in Miranda v. Arizona (1966) established that police must advise suspects of their rights before custodial interrogation, including:

    • The right to remain silent

    • Statements can be used against them in court

    • The right to an attorney

    • The right to a court-appointed attorney if indigent.

    Reasons for the rule:

    1. Prevents coercive police practices: Custodial interrogation is inherently intimidating.

    2. Protects the Fifth Amendment against self-incrimination.

    3. Ensures that waiver of rights is voluntary and informed.

    4. Creates a standard procedure, so courts do not have to analyze every interrogation individually for coercion.

    Miranda created a clear, uniform rule that police must follow, rather than case-specific judgment calls.

    5. Three Types of Detentions That Are Not Custodial

    A person may be temporarily detained without triggering Miranda protections, as long as they are not under formal arrest or deprived of their freedom in a coercive manner. Examples:

    1. Traffic Stops
      Drivers are restricted briefly, but the environment is public and routine, so it is not considered custodial.

    2. Terry Stops (Investigatory Stops)
      Police may stop and frisk based on reasonable suspicion, but the interaction is short and limited in scope.

    3. Voluntary Police Interviews
      A person talks to officers voluntarily and can leave at any time. Officers do not restrain or confine them.

    Miranda warnings are required only when a reasonable person would believe they are not free to leave.

November 26, 2025
November 26, 2025

Digital Forensics Case Analysis

Author By Academic Wizard Categories Blog

Digital Forensics Case Analysis

In 2011, the Casey Anthony murder trial became one of America’s most closely watched criminal cases. The investigation began in 2008 when Anthony reported her two-year-old daughter Caylee missing, claiming she had last seen her with a babysitter over a month earlier. This delayed reporting led to Anthony’s initial arrest on charges of child neglect, making false statements, and obstruction. When forensic evidence from Anthony’s car suggested possible homicide, a grand jury added murder charges to the indictment. The discovery of Caylee’s remains in woods near the Anthony home months later intensified the prosecution’s case.

Digital Forensics Case Analysis

Digital evidence played a crucial role in the state’s theory of the crime. Prosecutors argued that Anthony’s Internet searches on the day of Caylee’s disappearance would demonstrate premeditation through queries about homicide-related topics. However, the digital forensics investigation suffered from two major technical failures:

First, investigators relied on software that proved highly unreliable. They initially testified that Anthony had searched for “chloroform” 84 times – a significant finding given that traces of chloroform were found in her car trunk. However, during the trial, the software’s designer discovered serious flaws in the program and had to correct the record, testifying that “chloroform” was searched only once. This dramatic correction likely contributed to reasonable doubt in the jurors’ minds.

Second, investigators made a critical oversight by only examining Internet Explorer browser history, despite evidence showing Anthony primarily used Mozilla Firefox. By focusing solely on IE data, they missed over 98% of the browsing history. Post-trial analysis revealed they had overlooked potentially crucial evidence, including a search for “foolproof suffocation.” This narrow approach, combined with using an account that was password-protected by Anthony, meant investigators could strongly tie computer usage to Anthony but missed most of her actual online activity.

These digital forensics failures highlight the importance of using reliable tools and conducting thorough examinations across all potential data sources. The case serves as a cautionary tale about the risks of incomplete digital investigations and unreliable forensic software in high-stakes criminal prosecutions.

So now it is your turn to do some research for this discussion.

DISCUSSION PROMPT: Research and then discuss a real-world case where digital forensics played a crucial role in solving a complex investigation. How did digital evidence contribute to uncovering the truth? What specific forensic techniques and/or processes were likely used in the case you selected? In conclusion to your post, consider how digital forensics failures can impact criminal justice outcomes that would help avoid the types of issues that occurred in the Casey Anthony investigation.

NOTE: Please include a link to the case you selected.

  • Research and then discuss a real-world case where digital forensics played a crucial role in solving a complex investigation?,

  • How did digital evidence contribute to uncovering the truth?,

  • What specific forensic techniques and/or processes were likely used in the case you selected?,

  • In conclusion to your post consider how digital forensics failures can impact criminal justice outcomes that would help avoid the types of issues that occurred in the Casey Anthony investigation?,

  • Please include a link to the case you selected?,

Optimizing Government Revenue
November 26, 2025
November 26, 2025

Digital Evidence at Dynamic Crime Scenes

Author By Academic Wizard Categories Blog

Digital Evidence at Dynamic Crime Scenes

Module 1 Assignment: Beyond the SOP: Digital Evidence Collection in Dynamic Crime Scenes

First watch this video on What is an SOP: What is a standard operating procedure (SOP)?

Then use the SOP for the Madison Police Department as a guide to complete this assignment: City of Madison SOP Digital Evidence collection

Assignment Overview: This case analysis explores the challenges of digital evidence collection in dynamic crime scenes, focusing on the balance between standard operating procedures, officer safety, and evidence preservation.

Digital Evidence at Dynamic Crime Scenes

Scenario:
You are a police officer responding to a domestic violence call where the injured victim claims there is video evidence of the assault on the suspect’s smartwatch, which is synced to the suspect’s phone and cloud storage. While speaking with the victim on scene, the victim also claims there may be “kiddie porn” on the suspects devices. The suspect is still on scene and is becoming increasingly agitated while you sort out the incident. How do you handle this situation?

Please number  your responses when answering the following questions:
1. Upon arrival on scene, how would you balance the immediate safety concerns and visible injuries observed on the victim with proper digital evidence collection procedures since the Suspect is still on scene?

2. Explain what an SOP is and why it is important for agencies to have SOPs.

3. Based on your department SOPs on digital forensic evidence, describe how you would secure and/or collect potential evidence at the scene? Refer to the MPD Standard Operating Procedures. (NOTE: If you are currently employed with a law enforcement agency, then use your own SOP)

4. Explain how your police officer actions in response to this scenario might affect the admissibility of the evidence in court.

Consider these factors in your response:
Chain of custody requirements, Risk of evidence loss, Suspect remaining on scene, Officer and victim safety, need for immediate evidence preservation, and department policy.

Assignment Requirements: Include a title page, a reference page of resources used to answer questions 1-4, and submit a typed MS Word document. Length: 2 pages max excluding title page and reference page. Minimum of two scholarly resources.

Clearly number your responses for grading. Use of proper grammar and sentence structure is expected.

Refer to Rubric for grading: Worth 100 points

  • Critical thinking and analysis used: 40 pts
  • Applying and understanding agency SOP procedures to this assignment: 30 pts
  • Organization and structure: 20 pts
  • Writing clarity, APA format, and organization of thoughts: 10 pts 

  • • Upon arrival on scene how would you balance the immediate safety concerns and visible injuries observed on the victim with proper digital evidence collection procedures since the suspect is still on scene?,

  • • Explain what an SOP is and why it is important for agencies to have SOPs.,

  • • Based on your department SOPs on digital forensic evidence, describe how you would secure and/or collect potential evidence at the scene?,

  • • Explain how your police officer actions in response to this scenario might affect the admissibility of the evidence in court.,

November 26, 2025
November 26, 2025

Parenting & Social Media

Author By Academic Wizard Categories Blog

Parenting & Social Media

For many growing up, the age of consent is 18. Yet many social media platforms allow children as young as 13 to participate. As such, much of the information in social media may not be filtered or appropriate. The debate of this social media entry age continues today, and for parents, it presents numerous challenges to monitor and restrain children in social media usage. There are pros and cons to zero tolerance and allowing children to participate. Consider the many challenges as you answer this week’s questions.

Parenting & Social Media

Respond to the following in a minimum of 175 words:

  • What are ways a parent could encourage their child to curtail smartphone usage protocols and amount of time?,
  • Would you use a reward structure or no reward?,
  • What are ways to monitor children’s behavior on their social media accounts?,
  • How can you find their accounts if they have dozens of emails used to set them up?,
  • How can a child’s use of social media impact their relationship with their parents?,
  • How can a parent’s use of social media impact their relationship with their children?

    • What are ways a parent could encourage their child to curtail smartphone usage, protocols, and amount of time?, Would you use a reward structure or no reward?, What are ways to monitor children’s behavior on their social media accounts?, How can you find their accounts if they have dozens of emails used to set them up?, How can a child’s use of social media impact their relationship with their parents?, How can a parent’s use of social media impact their relationship with their children?

    Response (General, 175+ words)

    Parents can encourage children to reduce smartphone usage by setting clear expectations and modeling healthy digital habits themselves. Establishing daily or hourly limits, scheduling “phone-free” times during meals or family activities, and creating device-free bedrooms at night can help children develop balanced routines. Using a reward structure can be effective, especially for younger teens—screen time earned by completing chores, homework, or physical activities makes technology feel more like a privilege than a default. However, some families prefer no reward, instead teaching intrinsic self-regulation and discussing how excessive use affects sleep, grades, and emotional well-being. Whichever approach is used, consistency and communication are key.

November 26, 2025
November 26, 2025

Responsible Social Media PSA

Author By Academic Wizard Categories Blog

Responsible Social Media PSA

Imagine you are part of a marketing team at a company that relies heavily on social media advertising to children ages 13 to 17. You want parents and children to be aware of your products and online services, but you want to be a responsible entity that understands Internet and social media addictions can occur.

Create a public service print or video announcement for distribution in targeted children’s magazines, websites, and social media. You have an unlimited budget and can retain the services of famous actors or singers, as well.

Responsible Social Media PSA

Consider the following when creating your announcement:

  • What visuals will you include?
  • Who or what will be the spokesperson to remind children to use social media responsibly?
  • Who or what will you use to engage with your target market?
  • What will you use for your headline (no more than 15 words)?
  • Will you include information on screen time, using a blue light filter, and so on?
  • Will you use rhyming words? Will it be a type of lyrics for a song?
Option 1: Print Option
  • 8.5-inch by 11-inch Microsoft Word document featuring your choice of images and appropriate text with good use of white space
Option 2: Video Option
  • 1-minute video including your choice of background, music, audio, and graphics with a stimulating lead, explanation about why the topic is important, and your persuasive message

After completing your public service announcement, write a 350- to 700-word explanation defending the choices you made in your announcement.

Include 1 source of your choice to defend your claims.

Format the sources according to APA guidelines.

  • What visuals will you include?, Who or what will be the spokesperson to remind children to use social media responsibly?, Who or what will you use to engage with your target market?, What will you use for your headline (no more than 15 words)?, Will you include information on screen time using a blue light filter and so on?

Public Service Announcement — Print Option (Concept Design)

Headline (≤15 words):
“Scroll Smart. Live More. Your Time Matters.”

Visual Layout (8.5 x 11 inches):

  • Top Half (Hero Image):
    A popular teen-friendly celebrity (e.g., Zendaya, Kylian Mbappé, or Billie Eilish) smiling and holding a phone that displays a heart-shaped app icon fading into a real-life scene with friends playing basketball or drawing.
    Meaning: Real life is brighter than endless scrolling.

  • Center Text (Short & Kid-Friendly):

    “Social media is awesome. But your mind, your friends, and your dreams matter more.
    Set a time limit. Blink away from the screen. Create memories—not scrolls.”

  • Lower Section (Education Box):

    • “2 hours a day = healthier habits”

    • “Use night mode or blue-light filter for your eyes”

    • “Take a 10-minute break every hour”

    • “Talk to someone if scrolling makes you feel stressed or left out”

  • Engagement Feature (Gamified):
    A QR code that links to:

    • A 30-day “Screen Challenge” app: track time offline, win digital badges, and earn music skins.

  • Brand Note (Small Print Bottom Center):
    “We build tools for creativity—not distraction.”

350–700 Word Explanation (General & Academic)

This public service announcement is designed to reach teenagers aged 13 to 17 who are heavily exposed to social media advertising. The visual approach focuses on balance—acknowledging that social media is a natural part of teen culture while reinforcing healthier behaviors. The decision to use a relatable celebrity spokesperson is grounded in marketing psychology: teens respond strongly to recognizable influencers who reflect their aspirations and lifestyle choices. Using familiar faces also reduces perceived lecturing from adults and increases the emotional credibility of the message.

The headline “Scroll Smart. Live More. Your Time Matters.” is intentionally short, directive, and empowering. Rather than shaming teens for using digital platforms, the message promotes self-agency. The language encourages personal responsibility (“Your time matters”) in a way that teenagers can internalize without feeling attacked. A strong headline is essential in adolescent-targeted advertising because attention spans are short and visual overload is high, especially in digital environments.

The visuals include both digital and real-world elements, such as a celebrity shown in an offline activity like sports, art, or music. This pairing illustrates a contrast: social media does not have to replace life experiences. The design emphasizes lived identity, friendships, play, and hobbies—key developmental priorities for adolescents. Making this contrast visually clear allows teens to connect emotionally and cognitively, even if they do not consciously analyze the layout.

November 26, 2025
November 26, 2025

Intelligence Tests Study

Author By Academic Wizard Categories Blog

Intelligence Tests Study

Find and read a peer-reviewed research journal article using intelligence or achievement testing in research and share what you learned from this article with your classmates. Specifically (and in your own words):

1. Why was the study conducted?  What hypotheses were being tested?

2. What test(s) were used?

3. What findings were reported, and what conclusions were drawn
Intelligence Tests Study

  • Why was the study conducted?,

  • What hypotheses were being tested?,

  • What test(s) were used?,

  • What findings were reported?,

  • What conclusions were drawn?

Comprehensive answers (in my own words)

Why was the study conducted? / What hypotheses were being tested?
The authors wanted to know whether intelligence tests currently used in German-speaking countries actually predict later school performance (school grades). They noted a gap in longitudinal evidence for several contemporary tests and therefore examined whether a child’s general intelligence score (measured at ~9 years old) would positively predict averaged school grades and grades in mathematics and language three years later. Their hypothesis was that the general intelligence indices would show positive (medium to strong) predictive associations with averaged school grades and with subject grades (mathematics and language). Frontiers

What test(s) were used?
The researchers administered four widely used intelligence tests (German versions): the Intelligence and Development Scales (IDS), the Reynolds Intellectual Assessment Scales (RIAS), the Snijders–Oomen Nonverbal Intelligence Test Revised 6–40 (SON-R 6-40), and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children — Fourth Edition (WISC-IV). They used the general intelligence index from each test as the predictor. Baseline testing was done on 103 children; longitudinal school grade data (averaged, math, language) were collected about three years later for 54 children. Frontiers

What findings were reported?
When predicting averaged school grades three years later, the general intelligence indices from all four tests showed significant predictive validity. Looking at subject-specific grades, the IDS and the RIAS significantly predicted both mathematics and language grades; the SON-R 6-40 significantly predicted mathematics grades only; and the WISC-IV did not show significant associations with mathematics or language separately. The authors also reported that their sample had somewhat higher-than-norm intelligence means and that the follow-up sample was smaller (high dropout), which limits power and generalizability. Frontiers

What conclusions were drawn?
The study concluded that the general intelligence indices of these contemporary tests do predict later averaged school grades—supporting their predictive validity in psychological practice—while noting important caveats. Because of the small longitudinal sample and the fact that school grades can reflect noncognitive factors (motivation, self-control, teacher effects), the authors described the results as preliminary and recommended larger follow-up studies (and use of standardized achievement measures) to strengthen conclusions. They also suggested that practitioners can reasonably use these tests for predicting overall scholastic performance, but should be cautious about over-interpreting subject-specific forecasts and should consider noncognitive influences. Frontiers

What I learned / key takeaways (practical perspective)

  1. General intelligence scores remain useful predictors of later overall school achievement, but predictive strength can vary by test and by whether you look at averaged grades versus subject-specific scores. That means clinicians and educators can reasonably include a general IQ index when estimating overall scholastic prospects—but should avoid treating single test indices as definitive forecasts for a particular subject. Frontiers

  2. Test choice matters. Different instruments (IDS, RIAS, SON-R, WISC-IV) showed somewhat different patterns for subject prediction; nonverbal measures like the SON-R may predict math better than language, for example. Practitioners should match the test’s strengths to the decision at hand. Frontiers

  3. Context and limitations are crucial. Small samples, range restriction, and the fact that grades incorporate motivation and classroom factors mean test results must be integrated with other evidence (achievement tests, teacher reports, noncognitive measures) before making high-stakes decisions. Frontiers

Citation (APA style)

Gygi, J. T., Hagmann-von Arx, P., Schweizer, F., & Grob, A. (2017). The predictive validity of four intelligence tests for school grades: A small sample longitudinal study. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, Article 375. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00375 Frontiers

November 25, 2025
November 25, 2025

Trade Intervention Impact

Author By Academic Wizard Categories Blog

Trade Intervention Impact

This journal assignment explores the impact of governmental trade interventions on industries and businesses. By analyzing a specific example of economic intervention, you will examine the government’s reasons for implementing the policy, identify affected parties, and summarize essential information that businesses need to adapt. This reflection will deepen your understanding of how trade regulations shape market dynamics and influence decision making for businesses.

Directions

Governments and political leaders often create economic incentives and restrictions that influence trade to protect or benefit their domestic markets. These interventions can have significant effects on specific industries and the businesses operating within them. In this journal assignment, you will analyze the impact of a specific governmental trade intervention.

Specifically, you must address the following rubric criteria:

  • Government Intervention: Provide a clear example of a government economic trade intervention designed to influence, regulate, or control trade for a specific industry. Summarize the reasons behind the government’s actions, drawing from the module resources or other reliable sources.
  • Impacted Parties: Identify the parties and organizations affected by the intervention and explain the intervention’s impacts. Include an analysis of how the intervention influenced commodity prices, if applicable.
  • Business Implications: Summarize the key information that a business in the affected industry would need to understand to adapt to or mitigate the intervention’s effects. Include a rationale supported by data and product considerations.

Trade Intervention Impact

What to Submit

Submit this assignment as a 2- to 3-paragraph Microsoft Word document with double spacing, 12-point Times New Roman font, and one-inch margins. Cite any sources used in APA format.

Module Three Journal Rubric

CriteriaExceeds Expectations (100%)Meets Expectations (85%)Partially Meets Expectations (55%)Does Not Meet Expectations (0%)ValueGovernment InterventionExceeds expectations in an exceptionally clear, insightful, sophisticated, or creative mannerProvides a clear example of a government economic trade intervention with adequate reasoning and supporting detailsProvides an example of government trade intervention with limited reasoning or minimal supporting detailsDoes not attempt criterion25Impacted PartiesExceeds expectations in an exceptionally clear, insightful, sophisticated, or creative mannerIdentifies the parties and organizations affected by the intervention and explains the intervention’s impacts, including a basic analysis of how the intervention influenced commodity prices, with sufficient detailIdentifies some affected parties and organizations, but provides a minimal or unclear explanation of the intervention’s impacts; provides a limited analysis of commodity prices, if mentioned at allDoes not attempt criterion25Business ImplicationsExceeds expectations in an exceptionally clear, insightful, sophisticated, or creative mannerSummarizes key information that a business in the affected industry would need to understand to adapt to or mitigate the intervention’s effects, including a rationale supported by data and product considerations, with sufficient claritySummarizes basic information a business might need to understand to address to adapt to or mitigate the intervention’s effects, but lacks sufficient detail or depth; the analysis may be limited, with errors or omissions in explaining key business strategiesDoes not attempt criterion25Clear CommunicationExceeds expectations with an intentional use of language that promotes a thorough understandingConsistently and effectively communicates in an organized way to a specific audienceShows progress toward meeting expectations, but communication is inconsistent or ineffective in a way that negatively impacts understandingShows no evidence of consistent, effective, or organized communication 15Citations and AttributionsUses citations for ideas requiring attribution, with few or no minor errorsUses citations for ideas requiring attribution, with consistent minor errorsUses citations for ideas requiring attribution, with major errorsDoes not use citations for ideas requiring attribution10Total:100%

  • Provide a clear example of a government economic trade intervention designed to influence regulate or control trade for a specific industry?,

  • Summarize the reasons behind the government’s actions?,

  • Identify the parties and organizations affected by the intervention?,

  • Explain the intervention’s impacts including any influence on commodity prices?,

  • Summarize the key information a business would need to adapt to or mitigate the intervention’s effects?

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